Understanding Values and Ethics

What are terminal values?

• Traits used to solve ethical dilemmas

• Short-term goals of a person

• Long-term life goals or end-states individuals strive to achieve

• Cultural norms of a society

Which of the following is an example of an instrumental value?

• Inner Harmony

• Freedom

• Happiness

• Honesty

Instrumental values are best described as:

• End goals that define personal success

• Behavioural traits guiding actions to achieve goals

• Cultural values of societies

• Monetary values in business ethics

Which of the following is NOT a terminal value?

• A Comfortable Life

• Wisdom

• Forgiveness

• Equality

The relationship between terminal and instrumental values is that:

• Terminal values depend on economic status

• Instrumental values are goals; terminal values are tools

• Terminal values define 'what'; instrumental values define 'how'

• They are completely unrelated

If someone values ‘success’ as a terminal value, which of the following instrumental values would support it?

• Joy

• Politeness

• Perseverance

• Freedom

A person valuing ‘world peace’ might follow all of the following instrumental values EXCEPT:

• Cooperation

• Tolerance

• Mutual Respect

• Competitiveness

Which of these combinations best represents a terminal value and its supporting instrumental value?

• Equality – Happiness

• Inner Harmony – Forgiveness

• A Comfortable Life – Politeness

• True Friendship – Freedom

A person prioritizing ‘ambition’ is likely aiming for which terminal value?

• True friendship

• Equality

• Success

• Forgiveness

Why are instrumental values considered essential in ethics?

• They define legal norms

• They represent long-term goals

• They guide behaviour to achieve ethical outcomes

• They are universal across cultures