Chapters 1-7 Test Review

What can folic acid prevent in pregnancy?

• Folic acid supplements can prevent most neural tube defects such as spina bifida.

• Folic acid supplements can prevent gestational diabetes.

• Folic acid supplements can prevent high blood pressure.

• Folic acid supplements can prevent morning sickness.

What hormones allow for implantation in the uterus?

• Progesterone

• Insulin

• Adrenaline

• Thyroxine

What are the skin changes that occur during pregnancy?

• Pigmentation changes occur primarily in dark-skinned women. Common skin changes of pregnancy include increased pigmentation of the face (chloasma, or “mask of pregnancy”), breasts (darkening of the areolae), and abdomen (linea nigra, a line extending in the midline of the abdomen from just above the umbilicus to the symphysis pubis).

• Skin changes during pregnancy are limited to the hands and feet only, with no changes in facial or abdominal pigmentation.

• Pregnancy causes the skin to become completely resistant to pigmentation changes, and no visible marks appear.

• The only skin change during pregnancy is the development of rashes, with no pigmentation or color changes.

What are the cardiovascular (cardio) changes that occur during pregnancy?

• There is increased blood volume, increased cardiac output, and increased coagulability. Venous pressure may increase in the femoral veins as the size and weight of the uterus increase, resulting in varicose veins in the legs of some women.

• There is decreased blood volume, decreased cardiac output, and decreased coagulability. Venous pressure remains unchanged throughout pregnancy.

• There is no change in blood volume or cardiac output, but there is a significant decrease in coagulability. Venous pressure decreases in the femoral veins.

• There is increased blood volume and cardiac output, but coagulability decreases. Venous pressure in the femoral veins is not affected by the uterus.

What are the respiratory changes that occur during pregnancy?

• The pregnant woman breathes more deeply, but respiratory rate increases only slightly, if at all. Oxygen consumption increases by 15% during pregnancy. The expanding uterus exerts upward pressure on her diaphragm, causing it to rise about 4 cm (1.6 inch). Her rib cage flares, increasing the circumference of the chest about 6 cm (2.4 inches). Dyspnea may occur until the fetus descends into the pelvis (lightening), relieving upward pressure on the diaphragm.

• Respiratory rate and depth both decrease significantly, and oxygen consumption remains unchanged. The diaphragm descends, and the rib cage narrows during pregnancy.

• The pregnant woman experiences no change in breathing pattern, but her oxygen consumption decreases by 10%. The diaphragm is pushed downward, and the chest circumference decreases.

• The respiratory rate doubles, but oxygen consumption decreases. The diaphragm remains in the same position, and the rib cage does not change.

What is the recommended weight gain for pregnancy for normal weight women?

• 25 to 35 lb (11.4 to 15.9 kg)

• 10 to 15 lb (4.5 to 6.8 kg)

• 40 to 50 lb (18.1 to 22.7 kg)

• 5 to 10 lb (2.3 to 4.5 kg)

What is the recommended weight gain for pregnancy for underweight women?

• 28 to 40 lb (12.7 to 18.2 kg)

• 15 to 25 lb (6.8 to 11.3 kg)

• 11 to 20 lb (5 to 9.1 kg)

• 40 to 55 lb (18.2 to 25 kg)

What is the recommended weight gain for pregnancy for overweight women?

• 15 to 25 lb (6.8 to 11.3 kg)

• 25 to 35 lb (11.3 to 15.9 kg)

• 28 to 40 lb (12.7 to 18.1 kg)

• 5 to 10 lb (2.3 to 4.5 kg)

What is the recommended weight gain for pregnancy for obese women?

• 11 to 20 lb (5 to 9.1 kg)

• 25 to 35 lb (11.3 to 15.9 kg)

• 28 to 40 lb (12.7 to 18.1 kg)

• 15 to 25 lb (6.8 to 11.3 kg)

What is the general recommendation for weight gain during pregnancy in the first trimester?

• Women gain up to 4.4 lb (2 kg) during the first trimester.

• Women gain up to 10 lb (4.5 kg) during the first trimester.

• Women gain up to 8.8 lb (4 kg) during the first trimester.

• Women gain up to 1 lb (0.5 kg) during the first trimester.