8.4 - 8.8 Comparing health status and human development

Which indicator is used to classify countries as high-, middle- or low-income?

• Gross National Income

• Gross National Income (per capita)

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

• Total income earned by citizens

Discrimination refers to when:

• People of minority races experience slurs and violence.

• Females are treated worse than males.

• A person or group experiences poorer/worse treatment than others.

• A person or group experiences better treatment than others.

Compared to high-income countries, low-income countries often have:

• Higher mortality rates

• Higher levels of burden of disease

• A lower life expectancy

• All of the above

The graph shows the percentage of deaths that were attributed to high blood glucose levels for males and females aged 20–69 years according to country income group in 2012.

In which country income group is the percentage of high blood glucose deaths the highest for males?

• Low-income

• Lower-middle income

• Upper-middle income

• High-income

Which of the following correctly identifies one economic, one social, and one environmental characteristic of low-income countries?

• Low GNI per capita Limited access to education
  High rates of deforestation

• High GNI per capita
  Advanced healthcare systems
  Low levels of pollution

• Wide range of industries
  High literacy rate, Abundant natural resources

• High income inequality
  A universal healthcare system Low levels of unemployment

What is a double burden of disease?

• A double burden of disease is characterised by high rates of communicable diseases as well as high rates of non-communicable diseases.

• A double burden of disease refers to the presence of only non-communicable diseases in a population.

• A double burden of disease is when a country has eradicated all infectious diseases.

• A double burden of disease means having only rare genetic disorders in a population.

From the data, country/ies that would be classified as a middle-income country would be:

• Afghanistan

• Australia

• Mexico

• Italy

• Fiji

Which of the following is an impact of not having access to basic sanitation services?

• More people open defecating in waterways such as rivers.

• Girls who are menstruating avoiding going to school

• More girls at risk of physical or sexual violence at nighttime

• All of the above

Which of the following is an impact of not having access to safe water?

• More children attending school.

• More children (particularly girls) spending majority of their days collecting water instead of attending school.

• Less children experiencing malnutrition.

• Lower levels of water-borne diseases in the community.

An impact of an individual or family living in poverty is:

• More likely to be employed in a decent, well-paid job

• Unable to afford to send any or all children to school

• Better housing conditions due to less overcrowding.

• None of the above.