Soalan Fisiologi Pernafasan

What is the name of the part of the brain that controls breathing?

• Cerebrum.

• Cerebellum.

• Hypothalamus.

• Medulla oblongata.

Which of the following is a phase in the mechanism of respiration?

• Inspiration, rest, ventilation.

• Inspiration, expiration, pause.

• Expiration, hyperventilation, inspiration.

• Pause, metabolism, hypoventilation.

All of the following are factors that cause air to enter the lungs during the inspiration phase except:

• Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax.

• Thoracic cage expands in all directions.

• Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract.

• Pressure in the alveoli is lower than atmospheric pressure.

A patient shows symptoms of cyanosis and changes in consciousness. Based on respiratory physiology, what is the possible condition experienced by this patient?

• Hypoxia.

• Alkalosis.

• Excessive inspiration.

• Increased metabolism.

Mrs. M shows early signs of hypoxia such as restlessness and dizziness. The SaO₂ reading is 90%, and you observe the use of accessory muscles during inspiration. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to be performed based on this observation?

• Encourage the patient to sleep to stabilize the respiratory rate.

• Provide supplemental oxygen and monitor the response to oxygen therapy.

• Rest the patient without intervention as SaO₂ is still within normal range.

• Instruct the patient to breathe in a slow cycle and hold the breath for a few seconds.