1.0 Evolution, concepts, and theories of entrepreneurship

What was the focus of entrepreneurship during the First Industrial Revolution?

• Artificial intelligence

• Digital transformation

• Mechanization and steam power

• Social media marketing

Which of the following best reflects entrepreneurship in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0)?

• Manual labor and agriculture

• Use of steam engines in business

• Automation, IoT, and AI-driven innovation

• Focus on colonial trade

What is a major change in entrepreneurial agility in the IR4.0 era?

• Reliance on physical retail shops

• Ignoring digital trends

• Adaptability to technological disruptions and cybersocial changes

• Use of traditional advertising only

Which of the following is an example of product adaptation in the IR4.0 era?

• Launching a basic food stall

• Using AI to create personalized skincare products

• Selling newspapers on the street

• Offering only face-to-face consultations

In which stage of entrepreneurship evolution does innovation through technology and global connectivity become significant?

• Pre-industrial era

• Industrial era

• Post-industrial era

• IR4.0 era

Which of the following best defines an entrepreneur?

• Someone who follows others' business ideas

• A person who inherits a business

• An individual who initiates, manages, and takes risks of a business venture

• A person working in a factory

What is the correct definition of entrepreneurship?

• Employment in government agencies

• The process of innovating and creating value through business ventures

• The act of donating to charity

• Passive income through inheritance

Which type of entrepreneurship uses platforms like Shopee, Lazada, and TikTok Shop?

• Green entrepreneurship

• Conventional entrepreneurship

• Digital entrepreneurship

• Islamic entrepreneurship

A business that aims to reduce poverty by providing jobs to single mothers is an example of:

• Conventional entrepreneurship

• Social entrepreneurship

• Digital entrepreneurship

• Franchise entrepreneurship

Which type of entrepreneurship aligns with Shariah principles, such as avoiding riba and promoting halal income?

• Green entrepreneurship

• Islamic entrepreneurship

• Social entrepreneurship

• Digital entrepreneurship