Unit 0 Video Review

What significant change occurred during the Neolithic Revolution?

• Humans adopted a nomadic lifestyle.

• The development of gunpowder.

• The domestication of plants and animals for agriculture.

• The establishment of democratic governments.

How did the shift to agriculture impact gender roles in early societies?

• Women gained more political power due to their role in farming.

• Men and women shared equally in all aspects of food production and governance.

• Men increasingly took over food production and dominated political structures.

• Gender roles became less defined as societies became more complex.

How did early rulers often use religion to gain and maintain legitimacy?

• By violently forcing conversions of all subjects to the ruler's chosen religion.

• By claiming divine status or a special connection to the gods/deities.

• By establishing strict separation of church and state.

• By discouraging religious practices among their subjects.

Why was building infrastructure, such as roads and aqueducts, crucial for early empires?

• To encourage invaders to come into the empire.

• To facilitate trade, military movement, and control over vast territories.

• To serve as religious institutions.

• To encourage nomadic lifestyles.

Why did merchants particularly embrace Buddhism when it emerged in South Asia?

• It offered a potential higher social status than the existing caste system.

• It provided new trade routes to expand their businesses.

• It emphasized the accumulation of wealth as a spiritual goal.

• It called for a rigid social structure that placed them near the top.

Which of the following emphasizes the order of 5 relationships in which there are "superior" and "inferior" roles?

• Confucianism

• Hinduism

• Buddhism

• Judaism

Answer explanation

Confucianism emphasizes social harmony through a set of five key relationships, with the family serving as the foundation for a well-ordered society.

Central to these relationships is filial piety (xiaˋo), the virtue of profound love, respect, and duty a child owes to their parents and ancestors, which is considered the root of all other virtues.

Which of the following best describes the caste system in early India?

• A religious hierarchy where individuals can move between different levels by achieving spiritual enlightenment.

• A political system in which citizens vote for representatives from different social classes.

• A hereditary social stratification based on birth, with little opportunity for social mobility.

• A system of exams in which a high score can lead to upward social mobility.

Answer explanation

Under the caste system, individuals are born into specific social groups that determine their occupation, social status, and potential for mobility.

This system was rigidly defined, creating distinct categories such as Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras, which influenced social dynamics and interactions throughout South Asian history.

What role did trade routes like the Silk Road play in the spread of religions such as Buddhism?

• Only practicing Buddhists were allowed to use the Silk Roads, so people converted.

• They facilitated the exchange of religious ideas and practices across regions.

• They were used exclusively for military campaigns.

• They isolated religious communities from one another.