18 Adaptations of the Energy Systems

Which energy store is most rapidly available for immediate muscle contraction during high-intensity, short-duration exercise?

• ATP

• Glycogen

• Triglyceride

• Glucose

What is the primary adaptation of mitochondria in response to regular aerobic exercise?

• Decrease in number and size

• Increase in number and size

• No change in number or size

• Mitochondria disappear

Which of the following best describes OBLA (Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation)?

• The point at which fat stores are depleted

• The point at which oxygen consumption plateaus

• The point at which ATP stores are exhausted

• The point at which lactate begins to accumulate rapidly in the blood

Which energy store is primarily used during prolonged, low-intensity exercise such as a 10-mile run?

• ATP

• Phosphocreatine (PC)

• Triglyceride

• Creatine

Which adaptation occurs in the aerobic energy system as a result of endurance training?

• Decreased aerobic enzyme activity

• Increased aerobic enzyme activity

• Decreased glycogen storage

• Increased reliance on anaerobic metabolism

What is the main function of lactate buffering during intense exercise?

• To neutralise excess hydrogen ions and delay fatigue

• To increase muscle temperature

• To store more glycogen

• To increase triglyceride breakdown

Which of the following is a typical adaptation of the anaerobic energy system to repeated sprint training?

• Decreased phosphocreatine stores

• Increased anaerobic enzyme activity

• Decreased ATP availability

• Reduced muscle glycogen

An RER of greater than 1 shows that the person is working ______________, as more carbon dioxide is being produced compared to oxygen being consumed.

• Aerobically

• At rest

• Very light

• Anaerobically

Which of the following is NOT a direct adaptation of the energy system to regular exercise?

• Increased mitochondrial density

• Increased glycogen storage

• Increased bone mineral density

• Increased phosphocreatine stores

After several weeks of endurance training, what happens to the OBLA point?

• It occurs at a lower exercise intensity

• It disappears completely

• It remains unchanged

• It occurs at a higher exercise intensity