Sociology Chapter 6

What best describes “agriculture” in sociological terms?

• The distribution of political power across societies

• The cultivation of land and domestication of animals for food

• A system of education and credentialing

• A method of industrial factory work

Which of the following is a defining trait of a bureaucracy?

• Family-based decision making

• Reliance on emotional leadership

• Hierarchical organization and set rules

• Flexible job roles and duties

What does Emile Durkheim mean by “collective effervescence”?

• A. Division between social classes

• B. A shared emotional experience during group rituals

• C. Feelings of isolation in urban societies

• D. Religious conflict within modern nations

Divisions of labor typically increase as societies become more:

• Patriarchal

• Militarized

• Complex and industrialized

• Egalitarian

Which of the following is an example of gig work?

• A government employee with a pension

• A full-time high school teacher

• A manager at a retail store

• A rideshare driver working via an app

Institutional discrimination refers to:

• A. A single person’s prejudice

• B. Random acts of intolerance

• C. Discriminatory practices built into social systems

• D. Open hate speech by political leaders

Ideologies are best defined as:

• The written laws of a country

• The ways people share material resources

• Systems of beliefs that justify social arrangements

• Biological traits passed through generations

Which of the following illustrates McDonaldization?

• The decline of American fast food abroad

• Local businesses rejecting franchising

• The spread of standardized, efficient business models

• The rise of organic food movements

Which of the following is an example of standardized, efficient, and controlled production methods?

• Standardized, efficient, and controlled production methods

• Organic farming movements

Modernity is marked by:

• Strict religious rule

• Industrialization, urbanization, and individualism

• Tribal warfare and barter economies

• The collapse of global economies