WIPO Summary

Which of the following best describes *Traditional Knowledge (TK)?

• Any ancient knowledge over 100 years old

• Knowledge, know-how, skills, innovations or practices passed between generations in a traditional context

• Any knowledge created by governments in rural areas

• Only spiritual or religious knowledge of indigenous peoples

Which of the following is an example of a Traditional Cultural Expression (TCE)?

• Patent application for a new drug

• A government census

• Woven rug depicting a traditional story

• University research paper

Under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Genetic Resources are:

• Genetic material of plant, animal, microbial, or other origin with functional units of heredity and value

• Any cultural expression

• Only plant varieties used in agriculture

• Historical archives of a community

Which statement about TK and TCE ownership is correct?

• TK/TCEs have no legal owners

• They are always owned by the government

• Rights usually belong to the individual creator

• Rights are generally collectively held by the community

What is the difference between protection and preservation of TK/TCEs?

• Protection is international, preservation is national

• Protection ensures the TK/TCEs are not copied; preservation ensures they do not disappear

• Preservation involves legal rights; protection is only cultural

• They mean the same thing

Which of the following is an example of positive protection?

• Using a patent to stop unauthorized use of a traditional medicinal formula

• Creating a public database of TK for researchers to access freely

• Documenting a song in a library

• Translating a traditional story into another language

Which approach is considered defensive protection of TK/TCEs?

• Obtaining a trademark for a community logo

• Filing a GI application for a traditional product

• Creating a copyright in a traditional dance

• Registering TK in a database to prevent patenting by third parties

Which existing IP systems can be used to protect TCEs?

• Only copyright law

• Copyright, trademarks, GIs, industrial designs, and unfair competition law

• Only trademark law

• Only sui generis systems

What is a sui generis system in the context of TK/TCEs?

• A specific, stand-alone legal system designed to protect TK/TCEs

• A traditional system of farming

• A database for archiving TK/TCEs

• A type of patent for traditional products

Which international instrument specifically addresses access and benefit-sharing of Genetic Resources?

• Berne Convention

• Madrid Protocol

• Nagoya Protocol

• Paris Convention