What was the primary goal of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established in 1992?

• To create a global carbon tax

• To prevent dangerous greenhouse gas concentrations

• To promote renewable energy sources

• To establish a global environmental court

What was the main feature that made the Kyoto Protocol significant?

• It focused solely on deforestation

• It was the first treaty to involve all countries equally

• It was the first legally binding international agreement on emissions

• It was the first treaty to address water pollution

What principle did the Kyoto Protocol implement to address inequalities between countries?

• Equal responsibilities for all

• Common but differentiated responsibilities

• No responsibilities for developing countries

• Financial compensation for industrialized countries

Which mechanism allows industrialized countries to invest in emission-reducing projects in developing countries?

• Carbon Offset Program

• Joint Implementation

• Emissions Trading

• Clean Development Mechanism

What is the purpose of the Adaptation Fund under the Kyoto Protocol?

• To invest in nuclear energy research

• To support developing countries in facing climate change effects

• To fund renewable energy projects in industrialized countries

• To provide financial aid to countries withdrawing from the protocol

What is the main difference between mitigation and adaptation in the context of climate change?

• Mitigation is only for industrialized countries, adaptation is for developing countries

• Both terms mean the same in climate policy

• Mitigation is about adapting to climate impacts, while adaptation reduces emissions

• Mitigation focuses on reducing emissions, while adaptation deals with impacts

Why did the United States refuse to ratify the Kyoto Protocol?

• It believed the protocol was too lenient

• It claimed the protocol was unfair to industrialized countries

• It wanted to focus on water pollution instead

• It had already met its emission targets

Which two countries' lack of commitment significantly impacted the Kyoto Protocol's effectiveness?

• Australia and Japan

• China and the United States

• India and Brazil

• Russia and Canada

What replaced the Kyoto Protocol in 2015?

• The Paris Agreement

• The Montreal Protocol

• The Copenhagen Accord

• The Rio Declaration

What is a major challenge faced by both the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement?

• Over-reliance on nuclear energy

• Lack of scientific data

• Collective action problem

• Insufficient funding