Which among the following concepts are emphasized under the Classical School of Criminology?I.

I. Deterrence through swift, certain, and proportionate punishment
II. Consideration of mental illness and age in determining guilt
III. Free will and rational choice
IV. Punishment as retribution and not rehabilitation

• I, II and III only

• I, III and IV only

• II and IV only

• I, II, III and IV

Under the Neo-Classical School of Criminology, which of the following are applied?

I. The offender's intent and age must be considered
II. Justice must be absolute and equal for all
III. Individualized sentencing and partial responsibility
IV. Free will is still valid but not absolute

• I, III and IV only

• I and II only

• II, III and IV only

• I, II, III and IV

Which school introduced the idea that crime is a result of biological, psychological, and social factors?

• Positivist School of Criminology

• Neo-Classical School of Criminology

• Classical School of Criminology

• Social Defense Theory

Which of the following statements about Classical and Positivist schools is/are correct?

I. Classical promotes punishment as a deterrent; Positivist promotes rehabilitation.
II. Positivist School believes offenders lack rational free will.
III. Classical School believes crime is caused by psychological trauma.

• I only

• I and II only

• II and III only

• I, II and III

A person who commits a petty crime due to poverty and poor education may be best understood under which school of thought?

• Neo-Classical

• Positivist

• Classical

• Rational Choice Theory

Which principle is not shared by both the Classical and Neo-Classical Schools?

• Human behavior is rational

• Punishment must deter crime

• All individuals have equal capacity for free will

• Justice should be proportionate to the offense

Which among the following concepts are applied in a modern integrated criminal justice policy?

I. Deterrence
II. Individualized justice
III. Scientific rehabilitation
IV. Totalitarian enforcement

• I, II and III only

• II, III and IV only

• I and IV only

• I, II, III and IV

In what way does the Neo-Classical School influence the Philippine justice system?

• Through penal policies that promote torture

• Through consideration of minors and mental illness in sentencing

• Through mandatory minimum sentencing laws

• Through limiting discretion in judicial rulings

Which principle reflects the Positivist School's approach to criminal punishment?

• Retribution

• Incapacitation

• Rehabilitation

• Deterrence

Which among the following best represents a Positivist approach to crime prevention?

• Executing all repeat offenders

• Increasing prison sentences to instill fear

• Creating programs to improve community mental health

• Mandating corporal punishment in jails