DNA Structure and Protein Synthesis Quiz

What is the basic structural unit (monomer) of DNA?

• Nucleotide

• Amino acid

• Monosaccharide

• Fatty acid

Which of the following components make up the structural unit (monomer) of DNA?

• Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base

• Sugar, amino group, and carboxyl group

• Glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate

• Ribose, nitrogenous base, and protein

What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

• Ionic bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

• Covalent bonds

• Peptide bonds

Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in DNA?

• A) Adenine

• B) Thymine

• C) Uracil

• D) Cytosine

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

• To replicate DNA

• To synthesize mRNA from a DNA template

• To repair DNA

• To translate mRNA into proteins

What is the primary product (end result) of transcription?

• DNA

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

In eukaryotic cells, where does transcription occur?

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Mitochondria

What is the function of the promoter region in a gene?

• To terminate transcription

• To enhance translation

• To initiate transcription

Matching: For questions 9-11, match each type of RNA with its primary function. Write the letter of the function next to the type.

• C

• Serves as a structural component of ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis of proteins.

• B

• Carries amino acids to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein.

• A

• Transmits genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

The diagram shows the process of

• Transcription
• Translation
• Replication
• Mitosis