Which feature distinguishes Romanesque architecture from Gothic architecture?

• Use of flying buttresses

• Rounded arches and thick walls

• Emphasis on stained glass windows

• Taller spires and pointed arches

Michelangelo’s painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling is significant because:

• It exclusively depicts Old Testament prophets.

• It integrates biblical themes with Renaissance humanism and anatomy.

• It uses Byzantine symbolic flatness.

• It emphasizes perspective more than anatomy.

Which of the following describes the role of artisans during the Middle Ages?

• Innovators of perspective painting

• Members of guilds creating functional and decorative works

• Individual artists seeking personal fame

• Practitioners of humanist art

Why is Donatello’s “David” considered revolutionary in Renaissance sculpture?

• It was the first freestanding nude male sculpture since antiquity.

• It was carved in marble instead of bronze.

• It portrayed a mythological subject.

• It emphasized abstract symbolism.

Which artist best represents the ideals of High Renaissance balance and harmony?

• Michelangelo

• Raphael

• Leonardo da Vinci

• Titian

What artistic characteristic defines Gothic cathedrals?

• Barrel vaults and mosaics

• Flying buttresses and stained glass

• Simplicity and plain walls

• Use of only Roman arches

Rembrandt’s portraits stand out in art history because of:

• Flat, symbolic medieval style

• Use of realism and psychological depth

• Emphasis on mythological symbolism

• Exclusive use of fresco

Which ancient artisan craft heavily influenced Byzantine mosaics?

• Egyptian papyrus design

• Roman floor mosaics

• Greek sculpture

• Gothic stained glass

The School of Athens by Raphael symbolizes which Renaissance principle?

• Divine right of kings

• Harmony between classical knowledge and Christian values

• Exclusive emphasis on religion

• Abstract symbolic geometry

Which material innovation allowed Gothic artisans to create large stained glass windows?

• Tempera paint

• Flying buttresses

• Dome construction

• Fresco plaster