SLP RES1 Lesson 3 and 4 Review

A researcher conducts a study to determine if a new therapy significantly reduces anxiety scores. The null hypothesis (H0 ) states there is no difference in anxiety scores after the therapy. The researcher obtains a p-value of 0.03. What is the most appropriate statistical decision?

• Fail to reject the null hypothesis.

• Reject the null hypothesis.

• The result is inconclusive.

• A Type II error has occurred.

A clinical trial aims to compare the effectiveness of two different medications for treating high blood pressure. The researchers want to determine if there is a significant difference between the two groups. What type of hypothesis testing is being conducted?

• Analysis of Association

• Analysis of Relationship

• Analysis of Difference

• Analysis of Causation

A study on children's language development compares the vocabulary size of a group of children who attended a pre-school program versus a control group. The vocabulary test scores are normally distributed. Which statistical test would be most appropriate for this scenario?

• Mann Whitney Test

• Kruskal Wallis Test

• Independent T-Test

• Paired T-Test

A researcher is studying the relationship between the number of hours a student studies per week and their final exam grade. The researcher finds a strong positive correlation. What is the alternative hypothesis (HA )?

• There is no relationship between hours studied and final exam grades.

• There is a relationship between hours studied and final exam grades.

• The p-value is greater than 0.05.

• Hours studied do not predict final exam grades.

In a study on the effectiveness of a new teaching method, a researcher rejects the null hypothesis and concludes the method is effective. However, it is later discovered that the new method has no actual effect. What type of error did the researcher make?

• Type II Error

• Sampling Error

• Statistical Decision Error

• Type I Error

A team of researchers publishes a study on a new drug, reporting a Cohen's d of 0.15. Based on this effect size, what can be concluded about the drug's effect?

• The effect is medium.

• The effect is large and clinically significant.

• The effect is small and trivial.

• The effect is high and very strong.

A researcher is testing the effectiveness of a new exercise program for improving balance in older adults. She sets her alpha level (α) at 0.05. What is the meaning of this alpha level?

• The researcher has a 95% chance of committing a Type II error.

• The researcher is willing to accept a 5% risk of failing to reject the null hypothesis.

• The researcher has a 5% chance of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.

• The researcher's p-value must be exactly 0.05 to be significant.

A study is conducted to determine if there is a relationship between a person's level of education (categorized as high school, bachelor's, or master's) and their preferred type of news media (print, online, or TV). Which statistical test is most appropriate?

• Pearson Correlation

• Phi Coefficient

• Chi-Square Test of Association

• Simple Regression

A researcher collects data on the hours of sleep per night and the anxiety levels of a group of university students. The researcher finds that as the number of hours of sleep decreases, anxiety levels tend to increase. This is an example of what type of relationship?

• Causation

• Prediction

• Correlation

• Regression

A researcher wants to predict a student's final exam score based on their scores on two quizzes and their midterm exam. Which statistical test should the researcher use?

• Simple Regression

• Multiple Regression

• One-way ANOVA

• Pearson Correlation