Cell Biology Concepts

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Synthesizes (builds) lipids for the cell and chemically modifies small molecules.

• Produces ATP for energy.

• Transports proteins to the Golgi apparatus.

• Breaks down waste materials and cellular debris.

Found in ALL cells

• Cytoplasm

• Cell Membrane

• Ribosomes

• Genetic Material

Ribosomes

• Small structures in cells that build proteins by linking amino acids together.

• Large organelles responsible for energy production in cells.

• Cellular structures that synthesize lipids and carbohydrates.

• Components of the cell membrane that regulate transport.

Size of organisms with Prokaryotic cells

• Always multicellular and larger than eukaryotic cells.

• Always unicellular and smaller than eukaryotic cells.

• Can be unicellular or multicellular and similar in size to eukaryotic cells.

• Always unicellular and larger than eukaryotic cells.

Two Main Types of Cells

• Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

• Animal and plant cells

• Single-celled and multicellular organisms

• Bacteria and viruses

Fluid Mosaic Model

• Model of the cell that shows how the membrane is composed of many parts that move around freely (fluid).

• Model that describes the rigid structure of the cell membrane.

• Model that illustrates the static nature of cellular components.

• Model that depicts the cell membrane as a solid barrier.

Cell Membrane

• A rigid structure that protects the cell from external damage.

• A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell.

• A network of proteins that provides energy to the cell.

• A solid wall that maintains the shape of the cell.

cytoskeleton

• Made of threadlike protein fibers and provides structural support.

• A rigid structure that protects the cell from external damage.

• A fluid-filled sac that stores nutrients and waste products.

• A membrane-bound organelle that synthesizes proteins.

chloroplast

• Organelle found only in animal cells that converts solar energy into chemical energy in glucose through photosynthesis.

• Organelle found only in plant cells that converts solar energy into chemical energy in glucose through photosynthesis.

• Organelle that stores energy in the form of ATP in both plant and animal cells.

• Organelle responsible for cellular respiration in plant cells.

Mitochondria

• Organelles known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they produce energy (ATP) from food.

• Structures that store genetic information in the cell.

• Components responsible for protein synthesis in the cell.

• Membranes that protect the cell from external damage.