0.2 Bias

Psychology is the study of:

​ ​ (choose 2)

• behavior
• mental processes
• physical health
• social interactions
• biological structures

This cognitive bias occurs when someone sees connections and patterns in unconnected events, finding meaning where there is none.

• Confirmation Bias

• Perceiving Order in Random Events

• Hindsight Bias

• Cognitive Bias

This cognitive bias describes when someone overestimates their own knowledge or abilities.

• Confirmation Bias

• Perceiving Order in Random Events

• Hindsight Bias

• Overconfidence Bias

This cognitive bias occurs when someone seeks out, remembers, and gives weight to information that supports their existing beliefs, while ignoring or disounting information that does not align with their beliefs.

• Confirmation Bias

• Perceiving Order in Random Events

• Hindsight Bias

• Overconfidence Bias

This cognitive bias is also known as the "I-Knew-It-All-Along" phenomenon

• Confirmation Bias

• Perceiving Order in Random Events

• Hindsight Bias

• Overconfidence Bias

Bailey and Marcus packed everything they thought they would need for a weekend camping trip. When it rained and they realized they had not brought raincoats or umbrellas, Bailey said "I knew we should have packed raincoats!" Bailey's thinking illustrates which of the following concepts?

• Confirmation Bias

• Hindsight Bias

• Perceiving Order in Random Events

• Overconfidence Bias

Reginald is conducting a study on a group of people who self-identify as extroverts. Reginald believes that people act the same regardless of the situation. He lists all the situations in which the group is more talkative and outgoing. However, he ignores the times when the group is quiet and not interactive. Which is Reginald experiencing?

• Hindsight Bias

• Confirmation Bias

• Overconfidence Bias

• Perceiving Order in Random Events

Amirah attended a concert for her favorite band. As the band played her favorite song, Amirah sang along and said one of the lyrics incorrectly. Someone nearby heard the mistake and told her she sang the wrong lyric. Amirah was confident she heard and sang the lyric correctly. Which term best describes Amirah's belief?

• Overconfidence Bias

• Hindsight Bias

• Perceiving Order in Random Events

• Confirmation Bias

Justine has been feeling like she and her best friend, Fatima, are drifting apart. While listening to her music on shuffle, five songs in a row are about losing a friend or moving on from a broken friendship. Justine feels certain the universe is telling her that her friendship with Fatima is over. What cognitive bias is Justine experiencing?

• Overconfidence Bias

• Perceiving Order in Random Events

• Confirmation Bias

• Hindsight Bias

Understanding cognitive biases illustrates why science based answers are more valid than _____________________.