Quiz about BIO2250-01N F25: Chapter 3

Question 1

What are the two states of energy mentioned in the document?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy and kinetic energy

Answer

Chemical energy and thermal energy

Answer

Electrical energy and nuclear energy

Answer

Light energy and sound energy

Question 2

Which type of energy is described as the energy of motion?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy

Answer

Potential energy

Answer

Chemical energy

Answer

Thermal energy

Question 3

What is an example of potential energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Position of electrons in electron shells

Answer

Movement of Na+ into the cell

Answer

Heat produced by muscles

Answer

Light absorbed by the eyes

Question 4

Which molecules are involved in long-term energy storage in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer

Proteins and carbohydrates

Answer

Triglycerides and glucose

Answer

Glucose and nucleic acids

Question 5

Where is glucose stored in the human body?

Accepted Answer

In the liver and muscle tissue

Answer

In the blood and kidneys

Answer

In the brain and heart

Answer

In the skin and bones

Question 6

What is ATP's role in cells?

Accepted Answer

It is produced continuously and used immediately for energy-requiring processes.

Answer

It stores energy in large amounts for future use.

Answer

It is a waste product of cellular respiration.

Answer

It is only used in muscle cells.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of mechanical energy?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction

Answer

Movement of charged particles

Answer

Compression of molecules in a gas

Answer

Electromagnetic waves

Question 8

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

Accepted Answer

Energy can only be transformed or converted from one form to another.

Answer

Energy can be created and destroyed.

Answer

Energy is always lost as heat.

Answer

Energy transformation is 100% efficient.

Question 9

What is the collective term for all chemical reactions in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Fermentation

Question 10

In a chemical equation, where are the reactants typically written?

Accepted Answer

On the left side of the equation

Answer

On the right side of the equation

Answer

Above the arrow

Answer

Below the arrow

Question 11

What are the three criteria used to classify chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Changes in chemical structure, changes in chemical energy, and whether the reaction is irreversible or reversible

Answer

Changes in chemical structure, changes in chemical energy, and whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic

Answer

Changes in chemical structure, changes in physical state, and whether the reaction is fast or slow

Answer

Changes in chemical structure, changes in temperature, and whether the reaction is spontaneous or non-spontaneous

Question 12

What is a decomposition reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction where large molecules are broken down into smaller ones

Answer

A reaction where small molecules combine to form larger ones

Answer

A reaction where molecules exchange electrons

Answer

A reaction where energy is absorbed

Question 13

What is the collective term for all synthesis reactions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism

Answer

Catabolism

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Decomposition

Question 14

What type of reaction involves the movement of electrons from one chemical structure to another?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation-reduction reaction

Answer

Decomposition reaction

Answer

Synthesis reaction

Answer

Exchange reaction

Question 15

What happens in an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Energy is released at the end of the reaction

Answer

Energy is absorbed at the start of the reaction

Answer

Energy is stored in chemical bonds

Answer

Energy is required for the reaction to proceed

Question 16

How are chemical reactions classified based on energy?

Accepted Answer

As exergonic or endergonic

Answer

As endothermic or exothermic

Answer

As fast or slow

Answer

As spontaneous or non-spontaneous

Question 17

What is the difference between reversible and irreversible reactions?

Accepted Answer

Reversible reactions proceed in both directions, while irreversible reactions proceed in one direction

Answer

Reversible reactions only proceed in one direction

Answer

Irreversible reactions proceed in both directions

Answer

Irreversible reactions can become reversible under certain conditions

Question 18

What is the reaction rate a measure of?

Accepted Answer

The speed at which a chemical reaction takes place

Answer

The amount of product formed in a reaction

Answer

The temperature at which a reaction occurs

Answer

The color change in a reaction

Question 19

What is the primary factor that determines the reaction rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

The energy required to break chemical bonds

Answer

The concentration of reactants

Answer

The temperature of the environment

Answer

The presence of a catalyst

Question 20

What is activation energy?

Accepted Answer

The energy required to break existing chemical bonds

Answer

The energy released during a reaction

Answer

The energy stored in chemical bonds

Answer

The energy used to form new bonds

Question 21

How do enzymes facilitate chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

By decreasing the activation energy

Answer

By increasing the temperature

Answer

By changing the pH level

Answer

By adding more reactants

Question 22

What is the role of the active site in an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

To bind to substrates and catalyze specific reactions

Answer

To store energy

Answer

To transport enzymes

Answer

To change the enzyme's shape

Question 23

What happens in step two of enzymatic action?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes shape for a closer fit

Answer

The substrate enters the active site

Answer

The enzyme releases the product

Answer

The substrate is broken down

Question 24

Which of the following is a nonprotein structure that may be either inorganic or organic, associated with a particular enzyme or enzymatic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Cofactor

Answer

Substrate

Answer

Enzyme

Answer

Ligand

Question 25

What is the term used for organic cofactors that are not attached to enzymes but assist them?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Minerals

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids

Question 26

Which class of enzymes transfers electrons from one substance to another?

Accepted Answer

Oxidoreductase

Answer

Transferase

Answer

Hydrolase

Answer

Ligase

Question 27

What happens to the reaction rate when all enzymes have been saturated with substrate?

Accepted Answer

It remains constant

Answer

It increases indefinitely

Answer

It decreases

Answer

It stops completely

Question 28

What is the function of enzyme inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

To turn off enzymes

Answer

To increase enzyme activity

Answer

To change enzyme structure

Answer

To enhance substrate concentration

Question 29

What are the two basic types of enzyme inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Competitive and noncompetitive

Answer

Active and passive

Answer

Reversible and irreversible

Answer

Simple and complex

Question 30

How does a competitive inhibitor affect an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

It competes with the substrate for the active site

Answer

It binds to an alternate site

Answer

It enhances enzyme activity

Answer

It permanently deactivates the enzyme

Question 31

What is the role of phosphorylation in enzymatic pathways?

Accepted Answer

It adds a phosphate group

Answer

It removes a phosphate group

Answer

It breaks down enzymes

Answer

It inhibits enzyme activity

Question 32

What is a metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A series of enzymatic reactions

Answer

A single enzyme reaction

Answer

A non-enzymatic process

Answer

A random chemical reaction

Question 33

What is required for maximum ATP production during glucose oxidation?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Carbon Dioxide

Answer

Hydrogen

Question 34

Which process is described as exergonic in glucose oxidation?

Accepted Answer

Glucose oxidation

Answer

ATP synthesis

Answer

Oxygen consumption

Answer

Water formation

Question 35

How many molecules of water are produced when glucose is completely broken down?

Accepted Answer

6

Answer

2

Answer

4

Answer

8

Question 36

What is the first stage of glucose oxidation?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Electron transport chain

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 37

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosome

Question 38

What is the net production of ATP molecules in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Answer

1 ATP

Answer

3 ATP

Answer

4 ATP

Question 39

What is produced during the sixth and seventh steps of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH

Answer

Two molecules of pyruvate and two molecules of water

Answer

Two molecules of glucose and two molecules of oxygen

Answer

Two molecules of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water

Question 40

What role does ATP play in the regulation of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an allosteric inhibitor for phosphofructokinase

Answer

It acts as an activator for phosphofructokinase

Answer

It acts as a substrate for phosphofructokinase

Answer

It acts as a product of phosphofructokinase

Question 41

What happens to pyruvate if sufficient oxygen is not available?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to lactate

Answer

It enters the citric acid cycle

Answer

It is converted to acetyl CoA

Answer

It is converted to ethanol

Question 42

Where do the intermediate stage and citric acid cycle occur?

Accepted Answer

In the mitochondrial matrix

Answer

In the cytoplasm

Answer

In the nucleus

Answer

In the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 43

What is released from pyruvate during the formation of acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Water

Answer

Glucose

Question 44

During the citric acid cycle, what is produced from one turn of the cycle?

Accepted Answer

1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2

Answer

2 ATP, 2 NADH, 1 FADH2

Answer

1 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 FADH2

Answer

2 ATP, 3 NADH, 2 FADH2

Question 45

What happens to glucose during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It is split into two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

Answer

It is split into three molecules of pyruvate.

Answer

It is converted into one molecule of acetyl CoA.

Answer

It is converted into two molecules of lactate.

Question 46

What is the role of oxaloacetic acid in the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

It is used to form citrate and regenerated at the end of the cycle.

Answer

It is converted into acetyl CoA.

Answer

It is broken down into carbon dioxide and water.

Answer

It is used to produce ATP directly.

Question 47

What is the final product of glycolysis if sufficient oxygen is not available?

Accepted Answer

2 molecules of lactate

Answer

2 molecules of acetyl CoA

Answer

2 molecules of citrate

Answer

2 molecules of oxaloacetate

Question 48

Which enzyme primarily regulates the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Citrate synthase

Answer

Dehydrogenase

Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Answer

Pyruvate kinase

Question 49

What is produced in the aerobic intermediate stage in the matrix of the mitochondria from each of the two pyruvates?

Accepted Answer

1 acetyl CoA, 1 CO2, 1 NADH

Answer

2 CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH

Answer

1 FADH, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

Answer

2 acetyl CoA, 2 CO2, 2 NADH

Question 50

Which molecules are used to produce ATP in the electron transport system?

Accepted Answer

NADH and FADH2

Answer

ATP and ADP

Answer

CO2 and H2O

Answer

Glucose and Oxygen

Question 51

What is the role of proton pumps in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Transport H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space

Answer

Transport electrons from NADH to FADH2

Answer

Convert ADP to ATP directly

Answer

Release CO2 from the mitochondria

Question 52

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport system?

Accepted Answer

O2

Answer

NADH

Answer

FADH2

Answer

H2O

Question 53

How many ATP molecules are generated when electrons from NADH pass through the electron transport system?

Accepted Answer

3 ATP

Answer

1 ATP

Answer

2 ATP

Answer

4 ATP

Question 54

What is the total number of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

38 ATP

Answer

34 ATP

Answer

36 ATP

Answer

40 ATP

Question 55

Which coenzymes are involved in the electron transport system, and how many ATP molecules do they generate?

Accepted Answer

NADH generates 3 ATP, FADH2 generates 2 ATP

Answer

NADH generates 2 ATP, FADH2 generates 3 ATP

Answer

NADH generates 4 ATP, FADH2 generates 1 ATP

Answer

NADH generates 1 ATP, FADH2 generates 4 ATP

Question 56

What happens to pyruvate in the absence of sufficient oxygen?

Accepted Answer

It is converted into lactate

Answer

It is converted into acetyl CoA

Answer

It is converted into ethanol

Answer

It is converted into glucose

Question 57

What is the role of NAD+ in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It is a coenzyme that transfers electrons

Answer

It acts as a substrate for ATP synthesis

Answer

It is a byproduct of glucose oxidation

Answer

It is an enzyme that breaks down glucose

Question 58

What is beta oxidation?

Accepted Answer

The process of breaking down fatty acids into acetyl CoA

Answer

The process of converting glucose into pyruvate

Answer

The process of synthesizing ATP from ADP

Answer

The process of converting amino acids into proteins

Question 59

Depending on the type of deaminated amino acid, into which metabolic process does it enter?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 60

Which of the following is a stage where deaminated amino acids can enter the metabolic process?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate stage

Answer

Calvin cycle

Answer

Light-dependent reactions

Answer

Krebs cycle

BIO2250-01N F25: Chapter 3

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