2.2 Properties of Water

The structure of water contributes to its unique properties by:

• forming hydrogen bonds that lead to high cohesion and surface tension

• having a linear molecular shape that prevents hydrogen bonding

• being nonpolar, which allows it to dissolve only nonpolar substances

• lacking any ability to form intermolecular attractions

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Water’s polarity influences its properties as a solvent by:

• Allowing it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances

• Making it unable to dissolve any substances

• Causing it to repel all other molecules

• Preventing it from interacting with charged particles

It is important for cells to buffer solutions against rapid changes in pH because:

• enzymes and cellular processes function best within a narrow pH range.

• it increases the rate of cellular respiration.

• it allows cells to survive in extreme temperatures.

• it prevents the loss of water from the cell.

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Fill in the blank: The attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge is known as a _________

• hydrogen bond

• ionic bond

• covalent bond

• metallic bond

Fill in the blank: The force that holds molecules of the same substance together is called _________.

• cohesion

• adhesion

• diffusion

• osmosis

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Fill in the blank: The force of attraction between different kinds of molecules is called _________.

• adhesion

• cohesion

• diffusion

• osmosis

Fill in the blank: A _________ is a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined.

• mixture

• element

• compound

• solution

Fill in the blank: In a solution, the substance that is dissolved is called the _________.

• solute

• solvent

• mixture

• compound

Fill in the blank: In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves is called the _________.

• solvent

• solute

• mixture

• compound

Fill in the blank: A _________ is a mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration.

• suspension

• solution

• colloid

• alloy