Benchmark #1 (FA25)

What lab tool is used to magnify small specimens for detailed observation?

Proteins destined for extracellular release are packaged in specific vesicles. After packaging, the vesicles bud off and are stored in the cell until a signal is given for their release. When the appropriate signal is received they move towards the membrane and fuse to release their contents. Which cellular organelle is described in the passage (and depicted in the image)?

• Nucleus
• Golgi body
• Ribosomes
• Mitochondria

Students in Ms. Nye’s science class were using the microscopes to make slides of various organisms: algae, moss, onion cells, human cheek cells, as well as the organism seen in the picture. They were examining cell structures to group the organisms by similarities. Several students grouped this organism with the plants they were examining because of the presence of cell walls. Another group argued: “This is a fungus, not a plant, because the cells do not contain __________."

• Vacuoles
• Chloroplasts
• Well defined organelles
• A nucleus

Liver cells are responsible for the detoxification of the blood from chemicals. Which organelle would be found in higher concentrations in cells of the liver to aid in the detoxification process?

• ribosomes
• mitochondria
• Golgi apparatus
• smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What 2 organelles would be found in higher concentrations in a bicep muscle cell when compared to toe nail cell?

• nucleus
• ribosome
• mitochondria
• cell membrane

Distinguish between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell by selecting the accurate statements that apply to eukaryotic cells. Check all that apply.

• Only eukaryotic cells have flagella.
• Only eukaryotic cells have mitochondria.
• Only eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane.
• Only eukaryotic cells have an endoplasmic reticulum.
• Only eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a nucleus.

The kingdom of __________ contains microorganisms that live in extreme environments, such as hot springs, salt lakes, and deep-sea vents.

• Eubacteria
• Protista
• Archaebacteria
• Fungi

Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells. However, the functions of the different cells require that they have different organelles. What are the specialized structures found in plant cells, but NOT animal cells? Select ALL that apply.

• cell wall
• vesicles
• chloroplasts
• cell membrane
• large central vacuole

Which organism would a cell with chloroplasts and a cell wall made of cellulose most likely belong to?

• Paramecium from Kingdom Protista
• Mushroom from Kingdom Fungi
• Frog from Kingdom Animalia
• Oak tree from Kingdom Plantae

How would homeostasis of the cell be affected if lysosomes stopped functioning?

• new molecules would not be produced
• waste products would build up in the cell
• molecules would leave the cell to quickly
• stored energy would not be converted to usable energy