Which DNA sequence is primarily responsible for initiating transcription?

• Enhancer

• Promoter

• Silencer

• Operator

What is the role of transcription factors?

• To regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences

• To splice pre-mRNA

• To methylate DNA

• To degrade mRNA molecules

Which epigenetic modification involves the addition of methyl groups to DNA?

• Acetylation

• Phosphorylation

• Methylation

• Ubiquitination

Post-transcriptional regulation includes all of the following EXCEPT:

• Splicing

• miRNA-mediated degradation

• Methylation of DNA

• Alternative splicing

Which process involves the removal of introns from pre-mRNA?

• Transcription

• Splicing

• Translation

• Methylation

microRNAs (miRNAs) typically regulate gene expression by:

• Promoting transcription

• Binding to mRNA and inhibiting translation or causing degradation

• Methylating DNA

• Enhancing mRNA stability

Enhancers are DNA sequences that:

• Promote gene silencing

• Activate gene expression

• Have no effect

• Cause DNA degradation

A silencer functions to:

• Enhance gene transcription

• Repress gene transcription

• Promote mRNA splicing

• Initiate DNA replication

Which of the following is an example of epigenetic modification that activates gene expression?

• DNA methylation

• Histone deacetylation

• Histone acetylation

• DNA phosphorylation

Recombinant DNA technology involves:

• Cloning of entire organisms

• Combining DNA molecules from different sources into one molecule

• Amplifying DNA using PCR

• Electrophoretic separation of DNA fragments