Which statement best represents the modern definition of quality?

• Conformance to specifications only

• Zero defects in production

• Fitness for use and meeting customer needs

• Cheapest cost possible

According to Gavin (1984), how many quality dimensions are there?

• 6

• 7

• 8

• 9

Which dimension of quality refers to how well a product performs its intended function?

• Reliability

• Performance

• Durability

• Aesthetics

Which of the following dimensions of quality is most related to the product’s lifespan before it is broken?

• Durability

• Serviceability

• Reliability

• Features

A new iPhone 17 has a bigger display, better scratch resistance screen, thinner, and excellent camera. Which dimension of quality is emphasized?

• Features

• Aesthetics

• Conformance

• Serviceability

In quality concepts, a defect refers to

• Any product that is completely unusable

• A product that fails all inspection tests

• A unit that meets only minimum specifications

• Any flaw or imperfection in a product

A unit has 3 scratches, 1 missing screw, and 1 broken switch. How many defects does it have?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

A defective product can be described as

• A unit that does not meet specifications

• A unit with at least one defect affecting usability

• A unit with cosmetic variation only

• A unit that fails functioning

Reducing variability in a process usually results in

• Increased waste and costs

• More defects

• Better quality and customer satisfaction

• Lower flexibility in production

Which of the following is NOT a source of variability?

• Machines and equipment

• Operators or workers

• Material

• Salary or wage