Unit 3: Developmental Psychology

Hannah is helping her younger sister learn to solve a puzzle by giving her hints and support, gradually reducing her help as her sister becomes more capable. Which psychologist is most closely associated with this concept of "scaffolding" in cognitive development?

• Jean Piaget

• Lev Vygotsky

• Erik Erikson

• Lawrence Kohlberg

Sophia is a new mother who spends a lot of time holding, comforting, and responding to her infant's needs. Over time, a strong emotional connection develops between Sophia and her baby. What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?

• Attachment

• Scaffolding

• Assimilation

• Conservation

Jackson is studying for his psychology exam and comes across a list of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. Which of the following is NOT one of Piaget’s stages?

• Sensorimotor

• Preoperational

• Postconventional

• Formal Operational

Scarlett sets clear rules for her children but is also very supportive and listens to their needs. She expects them to do their best, but she is also warm and responsive to their feelings. Which parenting style does Scarlett demonstrate?

• Authoritarian

• Permissive

• Authoritative

• Neglectful

James is able to solve math problems that involve adding and subtracting physical objects, but he struggles with abstract concepts. At what Piagetian stage is James most likely to be, when children typically begin to use logical thought about concrete events?

• Sensorimotor

• Preoperational

• Concrete Operational

• Formal Operational

Which attachment style is marked by a child showing distress when the caregiver leaves and being easily comforted upon their return?

• Secure

• Avoidant

• Ambivalent

• Disorganized

Elijah's parents are very strict, expect obedience without question, and rarely show warmth or affection. Based on this parenting style, which outcome is Elijah most likely to experience?

• Authoritative

• Authoritarian

• Permissive

• Uninvolved

According to Piaget, at what stage do children develop the ability to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical problems?

• Sensorimotor

• Preoperational

• Concrete Operational

• Formal Operational

Kai is learning to solve a difficult math problem. Sophia, who understands the problem well, gives Kai hints and guidance so he can complete the task on his own. Which term describes this process by which a more knowledgeable other provides support to help a learner accomplish a task?

• Attachment

• Scaffolding

• Conservation

• Assimilation

Mia is a preschool teacher who notices that some of her students are beginning to show concern when a classmate is upset or hurt. Which of the following is a key feature of emotional development in early childhood that Mia is observing?

• Mastery of object permanence

• Development of empathy

• Use of hypothetical reasoning

• Understanding conservation