Unit 1 – Expanding Universe Study Guide Review

Which of the following best explains why Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB) supports the Big Bang Theory?

• The temperature of CMB is increasing over time

• The temperature of CMB is decreasing over time

• CMB fills the universe and can be detected in every direction

• CMB is constantly being emitted by stars throughout the universe

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

What are the three main pieces of evidence that support the Big Bang Theory?

• a. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB) b. Redshift of galaxies c. Abundance of light elements (hydrogen, helium)

• a. Existence of black holes b. Gravitational waves c. Solar flares

• a. Plate tectonics b. Volcanic eruptions c. Ocean currents

• a. Earth's magnetic field b. Aurora borealis c. Sunspots

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Which elements were formed during the Big Bang?

• Hydrogen and helium (and small amounts of lithium)

• Carbon and oxygen

• Iron and nickel

• Gold and uranium

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

In a nuclear fusion reaction, some of the (a)   is converted into (b)   , meaning matter is not conserved.

• Energy

• Mass

• Plasma

• Particles

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

How does nuclear fusion help us understand the energy produced by stars?

• Nuclear fusion is the process that powers stars, releasing energy as hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium.

• Nuclear fusion is the process by which stars absorb energy from their surroundings.

• Nuclear fusion is the process that causes stars to lose energy and cool down rapidly.

• Nuclear fusion is the process that only occurs on Earth and not in stars.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

Match each stage of the Sun’s life cycle with the correct description.

• Main Sequence

• The Sun fuses hydrogen into helium, emitting energy.

• Red Giant

• The Sun expands and cools after using up its Hydrogen.

• White Dwarf

• The Sun collapses into a dense, cooler state.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

How does the Sun produce energy?

• The Sun produces energy through nuclear fusion, where hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium, releasing energy.

• The Sun produces energy through chemical reactions between gases on its surface.

• The Sun produces energy by burning oxygen and carbon.

• The Sun produces energy through gravitational contraction.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

What elements are produced when hydrogen fuses in the Sun, and what elements will be produced when helium fuses?

• Hydrogen fusion produces helium. Helium fusion produces carbon and oxygen.

• Hydrogen fusion produces carbon. Helium fusion produces nitrogen and oxygen.

• Hydrogen fusion produces oxygen. Helium fusion produces hydrogen and carbon.

• Hydrogen fusion produces nitrogen. Helium fusion produces helium and oxygen.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

NGSS.HS-ESS1-3

NGSS.HS-PS1-8

A high-mass star can produce heavier elements because:

• High-mass stars contain more hydrogen

• High-mass stars have lower temperatures

• High-mass stars have higher temperatures that allow fusion of heavier elements

• Low-mass stars allow the fusion of heavier elements

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-3

True/False: Chemical reactions produce more energy than nuclear reactions, so they can fuel the Sun.

• True

• False

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

NGSS.HS-PS1-8