Quiz about Unit 1 Test Review

Question 1

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

Tissue

Answer

Organ

Answer

Organ system

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Muscle

Answer

Blood

Answer

Bone

Answer

Cartilage

Question 3

Which part of the cell contains the genetic material and acts as the control center?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Lysosome

Question 4

Which body system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Digestive system

Answer

Respiratory system

Answer

Nervous system

Answer

Muscular system

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Covering body surfaces and lining cavities

Answer

Transmitting electrical signals

Answer

Storing fat

Answer

Producing blood cells

Question 6

Which directional term refers to "toward the midline of the body"?

Accepted Answer

Medial

Answer

Proximal

Answer

Posterior

Answer

Superficial

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Providing support and protection

Answer

Pumping blood

Answer

Producing hormones

Answer

Absorbing nutrients

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondria in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Energy production through cellular respiration

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Packaging and sorting proteins

Answer

DNA replication

Question 9

Which body system is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to tissues?

Accepted Answer

Circulatory system

Answer

Digestive system

Answer

Nervous system

Answer

Endocrine system

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin

Answer

Blood clotting

Answer

Uterine contractions during childbirth

Answer

Nerve impulse transmission

Question 11

Which directional term describes the position of the eyes relative to the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Superior

Answer

Posterior

Answer

Lateral

Answer

Inferior

Question 12

Which type of connective tissue is responsible for storing energy in the form of fat?

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue

Answer

Dense connective tissue

Answer

Cartilage

Answer

Blood

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for transport out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosome

Question 14

Which body cavity contains the lungs and heart?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic cavity

Answer

Abdominal cavity

Answer

Pelvic cavity

Answer

Cranial cavity

Question 15

Which process allows water to move across a cell membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 16

Which macromolecule is made up of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 17

Which organelle is responsible for producing proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Peroxisome

Question 18

Which of the following is a major function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Producing energy

Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 19

A patient is experiencing difficulty maintaining a stable internal temperature despite changes in the external environment. Using your understanding of homeostasis and feedback loops, which of the following best explains how the body would respond to a sudden drop in external temperature?

Accepted Answer

The body initiates shivering and constricts blood vessels to conserve heat.

Answer

The body increases sweat production to cool down.

Answer

The body decreases metabolic rate to save energy.

Answer

The body increases heart rate to distribute heat faster.

Question 20

A patient has a tumor compressing the dorsal side of their spinal cord. Using anatomical directional terms, explain which functions might be affected and why.

Accepted Answer

Sensory functions, because the dorsal side contains sensory pathways.

Answer

Motor functions, because the dorsal side controls movement.

Answer

Digestive functions, because the dorsal side is near the stomach.

Answer

Respiratory functions, because the dorsal side controls breathing.

Question 21

Compare and contrast the roles of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus in protein synthesis and transport within a cell.

Accepted Answer

The rough ER synthesizes proteins, while the Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages them for transport.

Answer

Both synthesize proteins and lipids.

Answer

The Golgi apparatus synthesizes proteins, and the rough ER packages them.

Answer

Both are involved in DNA replication.

Question 22

A person suffers a penetrating injury to the thoracic cavity. Predict which organs and body systems could be directly affected and justify your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The lungs and heart, affecting the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Answer

The brain and nervous system, because they are in the thoracic cavity.

Answer

The stomach and digestive system, because they are in the thoracic cavity.

Answer

The kidneys and urinary system, because they are in the thoracic cavity.

Question 23

Given a diagram of the human body, a student labels the knee as "proximal" to the hip. Critique this labeling using anatomical directional terms.

Accepted Answer

The labeling is incorrect; the knee is distal to the hip.

Answer

The labeling is correct; the knee is proximal to the hip.

Answer

The labeling is correct; the knee is superior to the hip.

Answer

The labeling is incorrect; the knee is medial to the hip.

Question 24

Which of the following is the main function of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Transport oxygen

Answer

Defend against pathogens

Answer

Produce hormones

Answer

Store fat

Question 25

Which organ system is responsible for removing waste products from the blood?

Accepted Answer

Urinary system

Answer

Digestive system

Answer

Respiratory system

Answer

Endocrine system

Question 26

Which of the following is a function of white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Defending the body against infection

Answer

Carrying oxygen

Answer

Producing bile

Answer

Storing calcium

Question 27

Which macromolecule is the main source of energy for most cells?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Answer

Protein

Answer

Nucleic acid

Answer

Lipid

Question 28

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in the body?

Accepted Answer

Speed up chemical reactions

Answer

Store genetic information

Answer

Provide structural support

Answer

Transport oxygen

Question 29

Which directional term means "away from the midline of the body"?

Accepted Answer

Lateral

Answer

Medial

Answer

Proximal

Answer

Superior

Question 30

Which of the following best describes the function of smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Controls movement in the digestive tract

Answer

Responsible for voluntary movements

Answer

Pumps blood throughout the body

Answer

Supports the structure of bones

Question 31

Which of the following is the correct order of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Answer

Organ, tissue, cell, organ system

Answer

Tissue, cell, organ, organ system

Answer

Organ system, organ, tissue, cell

Question 32

If you are stranded at sea (oh no!) why is it safer to drink urine than sea water?

Accepted Answer

Sea water is hypertonic to your cells and will only further dehydrate you.

Answer

Sea water is hypotonic to your cells causing them to burst leading to dehydration.

Answer

Sea water is too isotonic to your cells and you will absorb too much water.

Answer

The salt will cause high blood pressure and you will die from a stroke.

Question 33

Particles are too large to enter the membrane.
Need help from channel proteins. No energy required.

Accepted Answer

facilitated diffusion

Answer

active transport

Answer

passive transport

Answer

osmosis

Question 34

Which step would be the first step in a signal transduction pathway?

Accepted Answer

binding a ligand to a receptor

Answer

phophorylation of proteins

Answer

activation of protein

Answer

change in gene expression

Question 35

lines ventral body cavities that are closed, as well as covering many organs

Accepted Answer

serous membrane

Answer

mucosae

Answer

cutaneous membrane

Answer

meninges

Question 36

the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord in the dorsal body cavity

Accepted Answer

meninges

Answer

cutaneous

Answer

serosa

Answer

mucous membrane

Question 37

your skin, which covers your body's surface

Accepted Answer

cutaneous membrane

Answer

meninges

Answer

mucosae

Answer

serosa

Question 38

What are the four main types of tissues in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Muscle, Epithelial, Nerve, Connective

Answer

Muscle, Bone, Skin, Blood

Answer

Epithelial, Bone, Blood, Nerve

Answer

Connective, Skin, Muscle, Blood

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Conducts electrical impulses

Answer

Lines body cavities and organs

Answer

Creates barriers and selective surfaces

Answer

Involved in absorption and secretion

Question 40

What type of epithelial tissue is characterized by flattened nuclei and a single layer of flat cells?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 41

Name this epithelial tissue.

Accepted Answer

Simple columnar

Answer

Pseudostratified columnar

Answer

Simple cuboidal

Answer

Stratified squamous

Question 42

What type of epithelial tissue is shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Stratified cuboidal

Answer

Simple squamous

Answer

Transitional

Answer

Pseudostratified columnar

Question 43

Which of the following is a function of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Support and connection

Answer

Conducting electrical impulses

Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Answer

Secretion of hormones

Question 44

I am a type of connective tissue with a watery, liquidy matrix that my cells swim around in. I am the liquid highway responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to your body, and removing carbon dioxide and wastes!

Accepted Answer

blood

Answer

cartilage

Answer

bone (osseus)

Answer

nervous

Question 45

I am a type of connective tissue that is hard yet flexible. You can find me in the outside of your ears, as well as your nose! Babies' skulls are made out of me, that's why when babies are born their heads are softer!

Accepted Answer

cartilage

Answer

blood

Answer

bone (osseus)

Answer

smooth muscle

Question 46

I am a type of connective tissue responsible for providing structure to your body and helping you walk and move, and I don't break easily!

Accepted Answer

bone (osseus)

Answer

blood

Answer

cartilage

Answer

epithelial

Question 47

This type of tissue is also known as fat tissue. The cells have a large droplet full of lipid molecules that squishes its nucleus to the side of the cell. The function of this tissue is providing energy to the body and insulating it/keeping it warm.

Accepted Answer

adipose

Answer

bone

Answer

connective

Answer

blood

Question 48

This type of tissue moves without you telling it to. You can find it in your veins and arteries helping to pump blood, as well as in your intestinal walls helping to move food through them.

Accepted Answer

smooth muscle

Answer

cardiac muscle

Answer

cartilage

Answer

blood

Question 49

Which of the following correctly describes the reception stage of this signal transduction pathway?

Accepted Answer

epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membrane

Answer

the g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinases

Answer

protein kinases phosphoylate molecules

Answer

glycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted

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