Stratification Theory Revision

According to Parsons, stratification reflects:

• Class conflict

• Value consensus

• False consciousness

• Status closure

Davis and Moore argue that stratification is:

• Harmful to society

• Based on exploitation

• Necessary for role allocation

• A result of patriarchy

What concept do functionalists use to describe a fair system of rewards?

• Alienation

• Meritocracy

• Surplus value

• Social closure

Herbert Gans argued poverty is functional because:

• It leads to revolution

• It motivates social mobility

• It creates jobs and maintains hierarchies

• It reflects capitalist exploitation

Melvin Tumin criticised Davis and Moore for:

• Ignoring patriarchy

• Circular reasoning

• Supporting communism

• Overestimating status

In Marxist theory, the bourgeoisie:

• Sell their labour

• Own the means of production

• Are part of the proletariat

• Are excluded from power

What is surplus value?

• The total income of the working class

• The cost of education

• Profit made from underpaying workers

• The value of status groups

Althusser’s Ideological State Apparatuses include:

• Trade unions

• Religion and education

• Military and police

• Social media influencers

Marcuse argued that capitalism promotes:

• A) Class consciousness

• B) False needs

• C) Meritocracy

• D) Status closure

According to Marx, class conflict arises from:

• Status differences

• Gender roles

• Exploitation of labour

• Cultural capital