AP World Unit 3 Key Terms

Tax paid by Christians and Jews (and sometimes other faiths) who lived in Muslim communities to allow them to continue practicing their own religion; often utilized by Islamic states to manage diverse populations within their empires.

• Zakat

• Jizya

• Khums

• Sadaqah

A beautiful mausoleum (tomb) in Agra, India, built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife. It illustrates a syncretic blend between Indian and Arabic architectural styles.

• Taj Mahal

• Red Fort

• Hawa Mahal

• Qutub Minar

Mughal emperor of India (1556-1605) who conquered most of northern India and exercised religious tolerance.

• Shah Jahan

• Aurangzeb

• Akbar the Great

• Babur

A class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land.

• Samurai

• Ninja

• Ronin

• Shogun

A system of government in which most important decisions are made by HIRED state officials rather than by elected officials.

• Bureaucracy

• Democracy

• Monarchy

• Oligarchy

A significant Safavid ruler of Persia (modern-day Iran) who strengthened the empire through military reforms, territorial expansion, and cultural flourishing.

• Shah Abbas I

• Shah Jahan

• Akbar the Great

• Cyrus the Great

A tax system of the Mughal Empire where decentralized lords collected tribute for the emperor.

• Zamindars

• Mansabdars

• Jagirdars

• Sardars

Elite Ottoman guards (trained as foot soldiers or administrators) recruited from the Christian population through the devshirme system, who often converted to Islam.

• Janissary

• Sultan

• Pasha

• Vizier

title of a Russian nobleman/lord

• duke

• boyar

• prince

• baron

The system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries.

• Devshirme

• Millet System

• Sultanate of Women

• Tanzimat Reforms