Biology Exam 2- Ch 39

Which statement about muscle contraction is correct?

• Thin filaments stretch whereas thick filaments stay the same length.

• Thick filaments stretch whereas thin filaments stay the same length.

• Neither thin nor thick filaments change in size, although the area of overlap between them increases.

• A typical muscle fiber at rest contains enough ATP for millions of contractions.

• Iron and fats bound to actin play a critical role in muscle cell contraction and relaxation.

What do all muscle tissues have in common?

• They have transverse tubules along which the action potential travels before it stimulates the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum.

• The basic contractile unit is the sarcomere.

• The binding site for calcium is located on the troponin complex.

• Calcium must enter the cytosol before contraction can occur.

• The individual cells are joined by intercalated discs.

What type of muscle is striated with intercalated disks?

• smooth and skeletal muscle

• skeletal muscle

• cardiac muscle

• smooth muscle

• cardiac and skeletal muscle

Why is having a hydrostatic skeleton, rather than an internal skeleton, advantageous to an earthworm?

• Having a hydrostatic skeleton means that having muscles is not a requirement for movement.

• Having an internal skeleton would not allow the fine movements an earthworm uses when it moves.

• Having an internal skeleton would prevent an earthworm from being able to burrow underground tunnels.

• Having a hydrostatic skeleton allows the earthworm to use peristaltic motion to move over the substrate.

• None of the choices is correct.

Locomotion requires that an animal expend energy to overcome __________.

• temperature

• gravity

• temperature and pressure

• friction

• friction and gravity

When comparing the different styles and adaptations of each major type of locomotion, the most energy-efficient mode of locomotion is __________.

• flying

• flying or running

• swimming

• running

• None of the choices is correct.

Pheasants do not feed their chicks. Immediately after hatching, a pheasant chick starts pecking at seeds and insects on the ground. How might a behavioral ecologist explain the ultimate cause of this behavior?

• Pecking is the result of imprinting during a critical period.

• Pheasants that pecked survived and reproduced best.

• Pecking is a FAP.

• Pheasants learned to peck, and their offspring inherited this behavior.

• None of the choices is correct.

Ants carry dead ants out of an anthill and dump them on a "trash" pile. If a chemical from a dead ant is applied to a live ant, other ants will carry it, kicking and struggling, from the anthill, until the substance wears off. What explain this behavior?

• The chemical is a sign stimulus for a fixed action pattern.

• The ants can only learn by twin studying.

• The ants are responding to a circadian clock.

• The ants have become imprinted on the chemical.

• The ants are following a stimulus-response chain.

Which is a fixed action pattern?

• A blackback gull returns to the same island breeding grounds each year.

• A robin eats a distasteful bug, spits it out, and never eats a bug that looks like that again.

• A stickleback fish attacks a wood block with a red bottom.

• A wolf tracks its prey.

• A hamster becomes active at the same time each evening.

Which pairing of causation with Tinbergen's questions is accurate?

• proximate—"What is the behavior’s evolutionary history?"

• ultimate—"What stimulus elicits the behavior, and what physiological mechanisms mediate the response?"

• proximate—"How does the behavior aid survival and reproduction?"

• ultimate—"How does the animal’s experience during growth and development influence the response?"

• None of the choices is correct.