Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators Quiz

Which of the following best defines a neurotransmitter?

• A chemical released by terminal buttons that bind to postsynaptic receptors, producing postsynaptic potentials

• A chemical released into the environment and detected by receptors in the nose

• A chemical produced in endocrine glands and distributed through the bloodstream

• A region on a receptor where a ligand attaches

What is the primary function of neuromodulators?

• To modulate the activity of many neurons by traveling further in the extracellular fluid

• To bind to postsynaptic receptors and produce postsynaptic potentials

• To cause changes in protein production in the bloodstream

• To attach to a binding site on a receptor

Which neurotransmitter is involved in REM sleep?

• Dopamine

• Acetylcholine (ACh)

• Serotonin (5-HT)

• Epinephrine

Which of the following is a correct synthesis pathway for dopamine (DA)?

• Tryptophan → 5-HTP → 5HT

• Choline + acetate → ACh

• Tyrosine → L-DOPA → DA → NE

• Glutamate → GABA

What is the role of serotonin (5-HT) in the body?

• Involved in REM sleep

• Involved in the regulation of mood, arousal, aggressive behavior, and pain

• Controls K^+ channels at neuromuscular junctions

• Causes changes in protein production in the bloodstream

Which type of receptor is located at neuromuscular junctions in the somatic nervous system?

• Muscarinic receptor

• Nicotinic receptor

• Serotonin receptor

• Beta receptor

Explain how the synthesis pathway of serotonin (5-HT) differs from that of dopamine (DA). (DoK Level 2)

• Serotonin is synthesized from tryptophan, while dopamine is synthesized from tyrosine.

• Both are synthesized from tyrosine.

• Both are synthesized from tryptophan.

• Dopamine is synthesized from tryptophan, while serotonin is synthesized from tyrosine.

A patient with Parkinson’s disease is likely to have issues with which neurotransmitter pathway?

• Serotonin (5-HT) pathway

• Acetylcholine (ACh) pathway

• Dopamine (DA) pathway (nigrostriatal DA pathway)

• Epinephrine pathway

If a ligand attaches to a binding site on a receptor, what is the ligand’s role?

• It is a region on a receptor

• It is a chemical that attaches to a binding site

• It is a hormone distributed through the bloodstream

• It is a neurotransmitter released into the environment

Given the information about catecholamines and indoleamines, classify dopamine and serotonin and explain the basis for their classification. (DoK Level 3)

• Dopamine is a catecholamine because it is synthesized from tyrosine; serotonin is an indoleamine because it is synthesized from tryptophan.

• Both dopamine and serotonin are catecholamines because they are synthesized from tyrosine.

• Dopamine is an indoleamine because it is synthesized from tryptophan; serotonin is a catecholamine because it is synthesized from tyrosine.

• Both dopamine and serotonin are indoleamines because they are synthesized from tryptophan.