B4 ONLY - RNA and Protein Synthesis Activity

Which of the following is a component of DNA?

• Ribose sugar

• Deoxyribose sugar

• Uracil

• Phospholipid

Answer explanation

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, which is a five-carbon sugar. Ribose sugar is found in RNA, while uracil is a nitrogenous base in RNA, and phospholipids are components of cell membranes, not DNA.

Tags

TX.112.42.C.7.A.

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• Stores genetic information

• Carries amino acids to the ribosome

• Carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome

• Forms the structure of ribosomes

Answer explanation

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. This process is essential for translating the genetic information into functional proteins, making this choice the correct answer.

Tags

TX.112.42.C.7.B.

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Uracil

• Guanine

Answer explanation

Uracil is a nitrogenous base found in RNA, replacing thymine which is present in DNA. This difference is crucial for the structure and function of these nucleic acids.

Tags

TX.112.42.C.7.B.

What is the basic unit of a protein?

• Nucleotide

• Amino acid

• Fatty acid

• Monosaccharide

Answer explanation

The basic unit of a protein is an amino acid. Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, which determine the protein's structure and function.

Tags

TX.112.42.C.7.B.

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with the sequence AGT?

• TCA

• AGT

• UCA

• GTC

Answer explanation

In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). Therefore, the sequence AGT would pair with TCA, as A pairs with T, G pairs with C, and T pairs with A.

Tags

TX.112.42.C.7.A.

Which of the following best describes a codon?

• A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

• A protein that speeds up chemical reactions

• A sugar found in DNA

• A type of RNA that carries amino acids

Answer explanation

A codon is defined as a three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid during protein synthesis, making the first choice the correct answer.

Tags

TX.112.42.C.7.B.

Which component is NOT part of a DNA nucleotide?

• Phosphate group

• Deoxyribose sugar

• Ribose sugar

• Nitrogenous base

Answer explanation

A DNA nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. Ribose sugar is part of RNA nucleotides, not DNA, making it the correct answer as it is NOT part of a DNA nucleotide.

Tags

TX.112.42.C.7.A.

What is the role of tRNA during translation?

• Transcribes DNA into RNA

• Delivers amino acids to the ribosome

• Replicates DNA

• Synthesizes mRNA

Answer explanation

tRNA plays a crucial role in translation by delivering amino acids to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. It matches the amino acids to the corresponding codons on the mRNA, facilitating the assembly of proteins.

Tags

TX.112.42.C.7.B.

Which of the following is a correct base pairing in DNA?

• Adenine–Uracil

• Cytosine–Guanine

• Thymine–Guanine

• Adenine–Cytosine

Answer explanation

In DNA, the correct base pairing is Cytosine–Guanine (C–G). Adenine pairs with Thymine (A–T), while Uracil is found in RNA, not DNA. Therefore, Cytosine–Guanine is the only correct pairing listed.

Tags

TX.112.42.C.7.A.

Which molecule contains the anticodon?

• mRNA

• tRNA

• DNA

• rRNA

Answer explanation

The anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides found on tRNA. It pairs with the corresponding codon on mRNA during protein synthesis, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Tags

TX.112.42.C.7.B.