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In many modern cities, temperatures are rising faster than in rural areas due to a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. This occurs because concrete, asphalt, and buildings absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly at night, keeping cities warmer. The lack of trees and green spaces further worsens the situation.

The consequences are serious: higher energy consumption for air conditioning, deteriorating air quality, and health problems for vulnerable groups such as the elderly. To address this issue, urban planners have proposed planting more trees, creating rooftop gardens, and using reflective construction materials. Still, experts believe that these actions must be combined with long-term planning and public participation to create truly sustainable cities.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

• 1. Trees make cities more beautiful.

• 1. Rural areas are always cooler than cities.

• 1. Urbanization increases pollution in the oceans.

• 1. Cities are getting hotter due to human design and lack of greenery.

• 1. The government should stop people from moving to cities.

In many modern cities, temperatures are rising faster than in rural areas due to a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. This occurs because concrete, asphalt, and buildings absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly at night, keeping cities warmer. The lack of trees and green spaces further worsens the situation.

The consequences are serious: higher energy consumption for air conditioning, deteriorating air quality, and health problems for vulnerable groups such as the elderly. To address this issue, urban planners have proposed planting more trees, creating rooftop gardens, and using reflective construction materials. Still, experts believe that these actions must be combined with long-term planning and public participation to create truly sustainable cities.

2. Which factor contributes most to the urban heat island effect?

• 2. The use of reflective materials.

• 2. The use of reflective materials.

• 2. The abundance of concrete and asphalt.

• 2. The low population density.

• 2. The reduction in transportation systems

In many modern cities, temperatures are rising faster than in rural areas due to a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. This occurs because concrete, asphalt, and buildings absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly at night, keeping cities warmer. The lack of trees and green spaces further worsens the situation.

The consequences are serious: higher energy consumption for air conditioning, deteriorating air quality, and health problems for vulnerable groups such as the elderly. To address this issue, urban planners have proposed planting more trees, creating rooftop gardens, and using reflective construction materials. Still, experts believe that these actions must be combined with long-term planning and public participation to create truly sustainable cities.

3. What does the word “vulnerable” in paragraph 2 mean?

• 3. wealthy

• 3. strong

• 3. healthy

• 3. at risk

• 3. educated

In many modern cities, temperatures are rising faster than in rural areas due to a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. This occurs because concrete, asphalt, and buildings absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly at night, keeping cities warmer. The lack of trees and green spaces further worsens the situation.

The consequences are serious: higher energy consumption for air conditioning, deteriorating air quality, and health problems for vulnerable groups such as the elderly. To address this issue, urban planners have proposed planting more trees, creating rooftop gardens, and using reflective construction materials. Still, experts believe that these actions must be combined with long-term planning and public participation to create truly sustainable cities.

4. According to the passage, what is NOT mentioned as a solution?

• 4. Creating rooftop gardens

• 4. Creating rooftop gardens

• 4. Using reflective materials

• 4. Increasing public awareness

• 4. Building more highways

In many modern cities, temperatures are rising faster than in rural areas due to a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. This occurs because concrete, asphalt, and buildings absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly at night, keeping cities warmer. The lack of trees and green spaces further worsens the situation.

The consequences are serious: higher energy consumption for air conditioning, deteriorating air quality, and health problems for vulnerable groups such as the elderly. To address this issue, urban planners have proposed planting more trees, creating rooftop gardens, and using reflective construction materials. Still, experts believe that these actions must be combined with long-term planning and public participation to create truly sustainable cities.

5. What is the author’s opinion about solving this problem?

• 5. It can be solved quickly with technology

• 5. It needs public involvement and long-term planning

• 5. It only requires more air conditioners

• 5. It is impossible to reduce city temperatures

• 5. It should be handled only by scientists

Social media has become an inseparable part of modern life. It allows people to share experiences instantly, stay connected across distances, and access information easily. However, studies have revealed that excessive use of social media is associated with anxiety, poor sleep, and reduced self-esteem. This is largely because people tend to compare their real lives with the idealized images they see online.

Experts suggest that social media itself is not harmful if used mindfully. Setting time limits, following positive accounts, and avoiding unnecessary comparisons can make social media a tool for personal growth rather than stress.

6. What is the main purpose of the text?

• 6. To show how social media destroys relationships

• 6. To explain both benefits and risks of social media use

• 6. To warn people to delete all their social media accounts

• 6. To promote a new social media application

• 6. To explain how technology causes insomnia

Social media has become an inseparable part of modern life. It allows people to share experiences instantly, stay connected across distances, and access information easily. However, studies have revealed that excessive use of social media is associated with anxiety, poor sleep, and reduced self-esteem. This is largely because people tend to compare their real lives with the idealized images they see online.

Experts suggest that social media itself is not harmful if used mindfully. Setting time limits, following positive accounts, and avoiding unnecessary comparisons can make social media a tool for personal growth rather than stress.

7. What negative effects are mentioned in the passage?

• 7. Better social relationships

• 7. Reduced anxiety and loneliness

• 7. Increased self-esteem and confidence

• 7. Anxiety, poor sleep, and low self-esteem

• 7. Anxiety, poor sleep, and low self-esteem

Social media has become an inseparable part of modern life. It allows people to share experiences instantly, stay connected across distances, and access information easily. However, studies have revealed that excessive use of social media is associated with anxiety, poor sleep, and reduced self-esteem. This is largely because people tend to compare their real lives with the idealized images they see online.

Experts suggest that social media itself is not harmful if used mindfully. Setting time limits, following positive accounts, and avoiding unnecessary comparisons can make social media a tool for personal growth rather than stress.

8. The word “idealized” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to…

• 8. realistic

• 8. exaggerated

• 8. ordinary

• 8. detailed

• 8. incomplete

Social media has become an inseparable part of modern life. It allows people to share experiences instantly, stay connected across distances, and access information easily. However, studies have revealed that excessive use of social media is associated with anxiety, poor sleep, and reduced self-esteem. This is largely because people tend to compare their real lives with the idealized images they see online.

Experts suggest that social media itself is not harmful if used mindfully. Setting time limits, following positive accounts, and avoiding unnecessary comparisons can make social media a tool for personal growth rather than stress.

9. According to the author, how can people use social media wisely?

• 9. By completely avoiding technology

• 9. By comparing their lives with others

• 9. By following positive accounts and limiting screen time

• 9. By posting more personal photos

• 9. By checking notifications every hour

Social media has become an inseparable part of modern life. It allows people to share experiences instantly, stay connected across distances, and access information easily. However, studies have revealed that excessive use of social media is associated with anxiety, poor sleep, and reduced self-esteem. This is largely because people tend to compare their real lives with the idealized images they see online.

Experts suggest that social media itself is not harmful if used mindfully. Setting time limits, following positive accounts, and avoiding unnecessary comparisons can make social media a tool for personal growth rather than stress

10. What can be inferred from the passage?

• 10. The problem lies more in how people use social media than in the platform itself.

• 10. Social media companies intentionally cause anxiety

• 10. Technology should be banned to protect mental health

• 10. Social media only benefits young people

• 10. Everyone should have unlimited online access