Roman Civilization

• The Etruscans occupied the region in northern Italy known as _____. The origins and history of the Etruscans are known only through archaeological sites and the historical accounts of the Greeks and Romans.
• At around 700 BCE, the Etruscans established city-states within _____, organized in a loose confederation called the _____n League.

• _____ civilization flourished through trade with the Greeks and Phoenicians, and soon expanded their influence within Italy. The _____ns conquered several neighboring cities, including the early Latin settlement of Rome.

• At the height of the Etruscan civilization, Rome was a small settlement established by Latin tribes along the Tiber River. Tradition holds that the city of Rome was founded in 753 BCE by the twin brothers _____, descendants of the legendary Trojan hero Aeneas.

• The _____s were noted for their ornate gilder burial chambers. _____ art often depicted the elite of their society in scenes from everyday life, and their architecture was greatly influenced by Greek styles.

• A significant cultural influence of the Etruscans on the Romans was the practice of _____, the act of predicting the future by reading signs from the heavens or the entrails of sacrificed animals.

Another influence attributed to the Etruscans was the _____, a bundle of rods and axes which symbolized the power of the state. The civilization of the Etruscans persisted until 273 BCE, when it was conquered by the Romans.

• The Roman Republic was founded at around 509 BCE, after the Romans expelled the last Etruscan monarch, _____ (Tarquin the Proud). A new Roman constitution was set in place, which established the basic elements of the Roman state.

The new Roman government was called a t (res publica, or "the public realm"), which was a contrast to the rule of the Etruscan monarchs, who considered the state as their own private realm.

• The establishment of the Roman Republic was the interaction between two important social groups: the _____ (the society's elite and aristocrats)

and the _____ (the working citizens).