In the aftermath of a devastating typhoon that struck the Philippines, the government is looking to enhance its disaster response capabilities. Which option best captures the primary purpose of Republic Act No. 10121?

To provide a framework strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, institutionalize the National DRRM Plan, and appropriate funds

To create a reserve military force for civic actions

To centralize all emergency powers in the Office of the President

To replace local disaster councils with private relief organizations

During a recent natural disaster in the Philippines, various organizations were called upon to assist in the response efforts. Under Section 13 of Republic Act 10121, which entities may mobilize individuals or organized volunteers to augment personnel and logistical needs for disaster risk reduction activities?

Government agencies, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), private sector, and Local Government Units (LGUs)

Only the Office of Civil Defense (OCD)

Only the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)

Only accredited volunteers from the National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC)

A city wants to formalize its disaster volunteer force. According to Section 13, what is the correct accreditation and listing process it should follow?

Accredit at the municipal level and submit lists to the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) through the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Offices (LDRRMOs)

Accredit at the regional level and send lists directly to NDRRMC

Accredit at the barangay level and submit lists to the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)

No accreditation is required if volunteers are from CSOs

During a recent community disaster preparedness meeting, local leaders discussed how to effectively mobilize volunteers in case of an emergency. Which statement best explains how mobilization guidelines for volunteers are established under Section 13?

Mobilization follows guidelines formulated by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) consistent with the Act

Each LGU sets its own mobilization rules without national oversight

Guidelines are set by the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) and must be followed by NDRRMC

CSOs create voluntary guidelines that government agencies may adopt

A volunteer named Aiden suffers injury while engaged in activities defined under RA 10121. Based on Section 13, what protection applies?

They are entitled to compensatory benefits and individual insurance as part of welfare and safety measures

No benefits apply because volunteers are unpaid

Only their organization may offer optional assistance; the law is silent

They must first be employees of LGUs to qualify for any benefits

A government agency must design a hazard management program that aligns with the section’s definition. Which plan best fits this definition?

Creating policies, projects, and supportive actions to guide economic, social, and spatial development over time

Launching emergency drills only during disasters, without long-term planning

Focusing solely on rebuilding property after disasters occur

Relying on volunteers to respond informally when hazards appear

In the town of Rivertown, which is frequently affected by floods, the local government is implementing a hazard management cycle (Identify → Assess → Control → Review). What sequence of actions should they take to most effectively reduce loss of life and property?

Identify flood-prone zones, assess risk levels for populations and infrastructure, implement control measures (e.g., zoning and barriers), then review outcomes to adapt policies

Control by building levees immediately, then identify hazards, assess risks, and review later

Assess risks first, skip control actions to avoid costs, and review annually

Review past disasters first, control hazards next, and skip identification because it is already known

A local community has been struck by flooding. Youth volunteers, including Ava, Benjamin, and William, are organizing their efforts. Which plan best aligns with the roles described for youth during calamities?

Prioritize sorting, loading, and distributing relief goods; set up teams for first aid; assign members to disseminate information and liaise with concerned individuals.

Focus only on fundraising online and avoid on-site work for safety.

Wait for professional responders to finish operations before taking any action.

Concentrate solely on comforting victims without engaging in logistics or communication tasks.

During a manmade disaster, a student team led by Aiden must choose two immediate tasks to stabilize the situation and support coordination. Based on the guidance for youth contributions, which combination is most strategic?

Surveying affected families and areas, and monitoring and liaising work

Environmental clean-up and long-term ecological advocacy

Organizing recreational activities and morale-boosting events

Planning a fundraising concert and social media campaign

Using the emergency management cycle diagram that shows Prevention/Mitigation > Preparedness > Response > Recovery, which scenario best fits the Preparedness phase?

Nora and her family assemble emergency supply kits and practice evacuation drills.

A city updates building codes to withstand earthquakes.

Rescue teams conduct search and rescue after a tornado.

Local government offers counseling and rebuilds bridges post-flood.

A university is updating its emergency plan after a nearby chemical plant incident. To ensure gaps are addressed, planners first catalog potential man-made and natural threats, analyze who or what is at risk, and inventory available resources. Which step of emergency planning does this scenario exemplify?

Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment

Stakeholder Engagement & Coordination

Assign Roles & Responsibilities

Develop Specific Procedures & Protocols

A university campus, during a recent emergency preparedness meeting, wants to ensure evacuation within five minutes while maintaining continuity of essential services and enabling medical triage. Which planning action best aligns with setting these targets before designing procedures?

Assign Roles & Responsibilities

Monitoring, Review, and Revision

While performing the Primary Survey on an unresponsive person named Daniel, you find his mouth obstructed by a visible foreign object and there is no normal breathing. What is the most appropriate next step according to the ABC principles?

Carefully clear the airway obstruction, then reassess breathing and begin rescue breaths or CPR as indicated

Start with circulation by checking the pulse first

Skip airway management and move directly to rescue breaths

Delay interventions until EMS arrives

During plan development, Ava, a coordinator, proposes bringing together campus administration, security, maintenance, student organizations, local DRRM, EMS, health services, and barangay officials to agree on roles and share information. Which element of emergency planning is being applied and why is it strategically important?

Stakeholder Engagement & Coordination; because it involves all relevant parties to align efforts and resources.

Assign Roles & Responsibilities; because it lists task owners for first aid and search & rescue.

Develop Specific Procedures & Protocols; because it details triage and resource mobilization steps.

Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment; because it evaluates vulnerabilities and capacities.

Training, Exercises, & Drills; because it tests the plan with all participants.

Anika is creating a family earthquake plan for her coastal city. Which combination of actions best aligns with the guidance for BEFORE an earthquake?

Create an evacuation plan, secure objects that might fall, prepare firefighting equipment, and assemble a go-bag with water, ready-to-eat meals, flashlight with extra batteries, first aid kit, radio, powerbank, and whistle

Rely on emergency services to guide you in the moment; do not pre-pack supplies

Focus only on structural retrofitting and skip personal preparedness steps

Keep windows open at all times and store heavy items on high shelves for quick access

During an earthquake, Sophia is indoors in her office with desks and windows. Based on the guidance, what is the safest immediate action?

Stand against a wall near the center of the building, stay away from windows and outside doors, and crawl under heavy furniture like a desk or table

Run outside immediately to the nearest exit

Stand against an outside door to keep it from swinging

After the shaking stops in a neighborhood near the coast, which sequence of priorities best reflects the AFTER guidance, especially where a tsunami is possible?

Assess injuries and provide first aid; check water, gas, and electric lines and shut off damaged valves; establish communications by turning on the radio and limiting phone use; expect aftershocks; and stay away from beaches due to tsunami risk

Call friends to share experiences; then check gas lines later

Immediately return to buildings to retrieve belongings; then drive to the beach to observe the waves

Ignore gas smells to prevent panic; use the phone continuously to update social media

Grace is responsible for advising a coastal community as a major storm approaches. Based on the flood safety guidance, which plan best reduces risk before and during the flood?

Prepare an emergency bag with food, drugs, documents, flashlight, and pet items; know evacuation routes; leave before flooding starts; disconnect electricity and gas when water rises.

Wait at home to monitor social media; keep doors open for quick exit; drive through shallow water if roads are crowded.

Rely on neighbors for supplies; evacuate only after water reaches your doorstep; keep power on to charge devices.

Ignore evacuation orders if your home is elevated; move valuables to the basement; return home immediately once rain stops.

A coastal town expects a typhoon that could bring heavy rains, strong winds, flooding, lightning and thunderstorms, and possible tornadoes. The mayor, Grace, asks residents to complete one high-impact action today that will most improve their ability to communicate and get timely guidance if power and cell service become unreliable during the storm. Which action best aligns with recommended preparedness steps?

Ready batteries and fully charge phones; also keep a radio available to continue monitoring news.

Buy sandbags and place them at doors to reduce flooding risk.

Prepare a go bag with clothing and personal documents only.

Shut off the main water valve to prevent contamination.

You arrive first at a small workshop fire involving spilled solvent igniting near stored lumber. According to the basic firefighting steps, which sequence of actions is most appropriate to minimize risk while increasing the chance of successful suppression?

Activate the fire alarm and call the fire department, assess size/fuel/location and hazards, choose a suitable extinguisher, approach low maintaining safe distance, then apply the agent.

Select a water extinguisher immediately and charge in to put out visible flames.

Approach the fire standing upright to see better, test several extinguishers, then call for help if the fire grows.

Begin applying extinguishing agent to visible flames first, then decide on the fuel type and hazards.

You arrive first at a scene where an adult has collapsed and is unresponsive. Based on the Primary Survey (ABC), which sequence of initial actions best reflects correct prioritization?

Open and clear the airway, assess breathing (look, listen, feel), then check for circulation and control bleeding

Check for severe bleeding, then assess breathing, then open the airway

Begin chest compressions immediately, then consider airway and breathing later

Call for help only after completing a full head-to-toe assessment

In a university setting, a new policy was introduced based on Republic Act No. 9163. Students are discussing the implications of this policy on their national service requirements. Which statement best explains the primary legislative action of this policy regarding existing laws?

It established the NSTP for tertiary-level students and amended Republic Act No. 7077 and Presidential Decree No. 1706.

It abolished all prior national service laws without replacement.

It created a mandatory two-year military service for all college students.

It limited national service training only to private universities.

A university is revising its student handbook for compliance starting in SY 2002–2003. To align with the NSTP Law, which policy should it adopt regarding student national service choices?

Make ROTC optional and allow students to choose among ROTC, Literacy Training Service (LTS), and Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) as a graduation requirement.

Require all students to enroll in ROTC only.

Offer NSTP only to education majors through LTS.

Allow students to opt out of all NSTP components with no replacement.

Anika is advising her first-year classmates on how NSTP supports nation-building. Which rationale best uses evidence from the law’s aims to persuade her peers of its value?

NSTP aims to inculcate civic consciousness and defense preparedness, developing ethics of service and patriotism through its three components.

NSTP focuses solely on military drills to improve campus discipline.

NSTP primarily provides part-time jobs to fund student tuition.

NSTP replaces community engagement with classroom lectures only.

A private college enrolls students in two-year technical-vocational non-degree programs. Which action best aligns with the NSTP Law’s requirements for these students to graduate?

Require students to complete one NSTP component of their choice for two semesters

Let students skip NSTP entirely if they take additional major electives

Offer NSTP only to male students while females take an alternative service course

Allow students to substitute on-the-job training for all NSTP requirements

You are advising a newly established technical-vocational institute. To comply with the NSTP Law, which minimum program offering should be put in place?

At least one NSTP component must be offered

No NSTP is required for technical-vocational schools

Exactly two NSTP components must be offered: LTS and CWTS

A state university is reviewing its NSTP offerings. Which combination satisfies the NSTP Law’s specific requirement for state universities and colleges?

ROTC plus at least one other component such as LTS or CWTS

Any single NSTP component except ROTC

An applicant accepted to PMA asks whether NSTP will be part of the curriculum. Based on the NSTP Law’s coverage, what should the guidance office explain?

PMA and similar institutions (e.g., PMMA, PNPA) are not covered by the NSTP Law due to their special character

NSTP is mandatory because PMA is a state institution

PMA and similar institutions (e.g., PMMA, PNPA) are not covered by the NSTP Law due to their special character

NSTP applies only during the first semester at PMA

According to the provided definition, which option best justifies why development should not be limited to economic growth alone when planning national programs?

Because development is a multi-facetted phenomenon that includes improvements in economic, social, and political aspects of society

Because economic growth automatically solves social and political problem

Because measuring only material well-being is more accurate than tracking social change

Because democratization is unrelated to societal development

A city council must choose one priority to kick-start a comprehensive development agenda. Which option most strategically aligns with the multi-facetted view of development described?

Fund a program that jointly advances security, culture, and political participation alongside employment

Launch only a tax incentive for large firms to boost GDP

Sponsor a single sports event to enhance recreation

Purchase luxury vehicles for administrators to improve performance

A youth organization wants its NSTP project to reflect the law’s main objective. Which proposal most clearly fulfills that objective while aligning with the SERVICE dimensions?

Organize civic leadership training that mobilizes volunteers for Safety and Security, Education tutoring, and Environment clean-ups

Focus solely on raising startup capital for student businesses

Run a social media campaign celebrating local celebrities

Hold an exclusive retreat with no community engagement

A barangay seeks to reduce out-of-school youth illiteracy by offering alternative learning systems, math and science tutorials, and extended services of skilled students. Which NSTP-CWTS dimension should guide this initiative?

Values Formation and Moral Recovery

You are tasked with designing a youth program that molds participants into responsible individuals with good moral values who can become active agents of community development. Which NSTP-CWTS dimension is most appropriate to prioritize?

Values Formation and Moral Recovery

A student says, "I believe I am a reliable teammate because I consistently meet deadlines and communicate with my group." Using the definition of self-concept, which option best explains why this statement reflects self-concept rather than a single behavior?

It is the image the student has of themselves, shaped by perceived abilities and behaviors.

It describes a temporary action performed once.

It is a judgment made only by other people about the student.

It refers only to physical appearance and not to abilities.

Which scenario best demonstrates a characteristic of self-actualized people?

Regularly appreciating everyday experiences, accepting oneself, and approaching problems realistically

Choosing easier tasks to avoid failure, then blaming others for mistakes

Avoiding privacy to stay constantly connected with others

Relying on others to make decisions to reduce personal responsibility

Which scenario best exemplifies moral law guiding ethical decision-making rather than cultural preference?

A person refuses to lie in a business deal because honesty is a universal principle of right and wrong.

A community forbids eating certain foods because it is a long-held tradition.

A group celebrates a seasonal festival to honor their ancestors.

A team adopts a dress code to align with regional fashion norms.

Which statement most accurately distinguishes moral law from cultural values?

Moral law consists of universal principles defining right and wrong, whereas cultural values are shared beliefs that shape behavior within a specific society.

Moral law varies across societies while cultural values remain universal.

Both moral law and cultural values are legally enforceable codes.

Cultural values determine ethical decision-making universally, while moral law reflects local customs.

A logging company plans to clear-cut a forested hillside to expand farmland. Using the environmental principle of Everything is connected to everything else , which consequence best supports an argument against the plan?

Soil erosion and flooding may increase, degrading waterways and animal habitats

Increased sunlight will boost crop yields without side effects

Wildlife will migrate but ecosystems will remain balanced

Air quality will improve because trees no longer release pollen

NSTP - MIDTERM EXAM

Authored by John Tulawe

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Maya arrives at a team meeting looking stressed and withdrawn. Using the Ten Commandments of Human Relations, which strategy best combines immediate action with respect for their feelings to improve the interaction?

Wait until the meeting ends and then critique their behavior in front of the group

Open by speaking to Maya by name, offer a warm smile, and ask if there is a way you can be helpful

Avoid eye contact to give Maya space and proceed without acknowledging her

Give Maya a task to distract her and move on without conversation

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

You notice that Rohan contributed a useful idea during a team meeting that went unnoticed. To strengthen relationships according to the principles, which response shows thoughtful planning and alignment with the list?

Publicly claim the idea as your own to ensure it gets implemented

Privately message Rohan to say you liked the idea but do not mention it again

Acknowledge Rohan by name in the group, sincerely praise the idea, and invite others to build on it

Ignore the idea to avoid derailing the agenda

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

In the Philippines, a country situated in the circum-Pacific belt of fire and prone to typhoons, a local government is assessing its strategic preparedness for various natural hazards. Which action should they prioritize to effectively address the range of hazards described?

Invest exclusively in flood control infrastructure

Conduct regular multi-hazard drills coordinated by a national body

Focus preparedness only on volcanic eruptions

Rely on spontaneous community responses without planning

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Following the 2016 update, there are 7,641 islands officially listed in the Philippines. Considering this geography, which planning priority most directly improves disaster response effectiveness nationwide?

Centralize all response operations in Metro Manila

Develop island-sensitive logistics and communication networks

Prioritize only the largest three islands for resources

Depend on international aid as the first line of response

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

In the aftermath of the devastating 1990 Luzon earthquake and the catastrophic 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption, which organization was pivotal in coordinating the preparedness and response efforts across the Philippines?

Department of Tourism (DOT)

National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC)

Department of Education (DepEd)

Philippine Coast Guard (PCG)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

In a community meeting, a local government official discusses the importance of civic engagement among students who did not take ROTC. Which statement best explains how Republic Act 9163 (Section 11) operationalizes this civic engagement?

It mandates all graduates to join the Armed Forces for disaster response.

It creates the National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC) composed of graduates of non-ROTC components, who may be tapped by the state for literacy and civic welfare activities through DND, CHED, and TESDA.

It establishes a private volunteer network to supplement local governments during calamities.

It requires CHED to integrate disaster drills into every college curriculum without partnerships.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

A university, represented by its student council, plans to mobilize graduates from non-ROTC NSTP components for a nationwide literacy drive coordinated by government. Based on the legal framework presented, which agencies should jointly support this mobilization?

Department of Health, Department of Education, and NEDA

Department of National Defense (DND), Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and TESDA

Office of Civil Defense, PAGASA, and DOTr

Local Government Units, Red Cross, and DENR

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