PSYC 2000 - Midterm Review - Chapters 01 , 02, 03, & 04

Which of these is an evidence-based method that draws on observation and experimentation?

• critical thinking

• structuralism

• empirical approach

• humanistic psychology

Three key elements of the scientific attitude are:

• skepticism, enthusiasm, and ingenuity.

• ingenuity, humility, and certainty.

• certainty, creativity, and curiosity.

• curiosity, skepticism, and humility.

Wilhelm Wundt developed the first _____ used in psychology, which measured how long it took people to press a telegraph key after hearing a ball hit a platform.

• developmental study

• theoretical perspective

• experimental apparatus

• subfield

Introspection proved to be an unreliable method, in part, because it:

• required people who could describe their experiences articulately.

• yielded overly similar results across those who engaged in it.

• focused too closely on the evolved functions of feelings and thoughts.

• concentrated on moment-to-moment stream of consciousness thinking.

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable human activity without reference to mental processes is known as:

• behaviorism.

• cognitive neuroscience.

• humanistic psychology.

• positive psychology.

Hindsight bias is defined as the tendency to:

• dismiss the value of skepticism.

• reject any ideas that can't be scientifically tested.

• exaggerate the ability to have foreseen an outcome.

• overestimate the extent to which everyone shares the same opinion.

Our tendency to believe we know more than we do BEST illustrates:

• naturalistic observation.

• the placebo effect.

• overconfidence.

• random assignment.

The self-correcting process for evaluating ideas with observation and analysis is known as:

• a theory.

• a prediction.

• the scientific method.

• an operational definition.

Researchers make no effort to change or control factors when they engage in:

• naturalistic observation.

• the double-blind procedure.

• replication.

• experimentation.

To learn about the gaming habits of children attending Parkchester High School, Dr. Kamran randomly selected and interviewed 50 of the school's students. In this instance, all the children attending the school are considered to be a(n):

• population.

• representative sample.

• independent variable.

• control condition.