A nurse observes that an elderly patient struggles with dressing due to arthritis but insists on doing it independently. According to the Roper–Logan–Tierney model, which principle guides the nurse’s intervention?

• Encourage full dependence to avoid frustration

• Support partial independence with adaptive tools

• Limit self-care to prevent injury

• Delegate care entirely to family members

A newly hired nurse requires detailed step-by-step guidance for performing sterile dressing changes. Based on Benner’s model, what level of skill acquisition does this nurse demonstrate?

• Advanced beginner

• Novice

• Competent

• Proficient

A nurse caring for a post-stroke patient develops an individualized rehabilitation plan focused on mobility and self-feeding. Which theory best aligns with this approach?

• Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory

• Benner’s Novice to Expert Theory

• Roper–Logan–Tierney Model

• Watson’s Caring Theory

An older adult recovering from pneumonia needs help with breathing exercises and safety awareness at home. According to Roper’s framework, the nurse’s goal is to:

• Ensure full dependence for comfort

• Optimize independence within limitations

• Minimize all physical exertion

• Prioritize family over self-care

A nurse identifies a diabetic patient unable to maintain self-injection due to poor vision. According to Orem, this represents:

• Health deviation self-care deficit

• Universal self-care requisites

• Wholly compensatory system

• Supportive–educative system

A nurse manager notices a senior nurse accurately predicting patient complications based on subtle signs. This illustrates which concept in Benner’s theory?

• Intuitive expertise

• Analytical reasoning

• Cognitive bias

• Procedural accuracy

During home care, a nurse helps a patient adapt bathing techniques after spinal injury. This demonstrates which of the 12 activities of living from the Roper–Logan–Tierney model?

• Maintaining safe environment

• Washing and dressing

• Communicating

• Expressing sexuality

A student nurse struggles with prioritizing patient care but can recognize abnormal findings with supervision. According to Benner, this nurse is at what level?

• Competent

• Proficient

• Advanced beginner

• Novice

A patient who is unable to ambulate post-surgery requires full assistance for toileting. Which nursing system does Orem’s theory recommend in this case?

• Partly compensatory

• Wholly compensatory

• Supportive–educative

• Independent

A nurse develops a personalized teaching plan that helps a patient with COPD self-manage oxygen therapy. Which principle of the Roper–Logan–Tierney model is applied?

• Dependence–independence continuum

• Environmental adaptation

• Physiological compensation

• Passive care approach