What do connections in the Internet of Things (IoT) refer to?

• How physical devices transmit and receive data

• How humans communicate verbally

• How computers store data

• How software is developed

What types of networks can IoT connections occur over?

• Wired and wireless networks

• Only wireless networks

• Only wired networks

• Satellite networks

What is the primary advantage of using MQTT in IoT networks?

• High security

• Lightweight protocol for low-bandwidth, high-latency networks

• Simplified protocol for resource-limited devices

• Traditional web protocol

How does HTTP/HTTPS compare to MQTT and CoAP in terms of weight?

• Lighter

• Heavier

• The same

• Not applicable

Which communication model balances bandwidth efficiency and real-time responsiveness?

• Request–Response Model

• Publish–Subscribe Model

• Push/Pull Model

• Centralized Architecture

Which layer is responsible for collecting and acting on data using physical sensors and actuators?

• Perception Layer

• Network Layer

• Application Layer

• Data Link Layer

Which security risk involves attackers hijacking IoT devices to launch large-scale DDoS attacks?

• Weak Authentication

• Poor Encryption Practices

• Device Hacking & Botnets

• Insecure Firmware

What is a consequence of lack of updates or patching in firmware?

• Device Hacking & Botnets

• Insecure Firmware

• Data Leakage

• Poor Encryption Practices

What happens to data in transit without TLS/SSL or end-to-end encryption?

• It can be intercepted

• It becomes secure

• It is encrypted automatically

• It is deleted

What type of encryption is recommended for data in transit according to security best practices?

• RSA

• TLS

• SHA-256

• MD5