The Civil Rights Movement & 1960s

Which statement best defines de jure segregation as described in the lesson?

• Segregation by unwritten custom or tradition

• Segregation enforced by law, such as Jim Crow statutes

• Voluntary separation based on personal preference

• Temporary separation during emergencies

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) established which legal principle regarding segregation?

• Desegregation must proceed with all deliberate speed

• Separate but equal is constitutional

• Segregation in public education violates the Constitution

• Voting rights are guaranteed regardless of race

De facto segregation in the North is described as segregation based on what?

• Federal mandates

• Custom or tradition

• Supreme Court rulings

• Explicit state laws

Which organization, with Thurgood Marshall as a leading lawyer, won many court cases challenging segregation?

• NAACP

• CORE

• SCLC

• Department of Justice

What did the Supreme Court decide in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

• Segregated public education violates the U.S. Constitution

• Segregation is acceptable if facilities are equal

• Desegregation should only occur in northern states

• Voting rights must be enforced in federal elections

Which event prompted a direct conflict between federal and state power in Little Rock?

• The school board voting to close all public schools

• The Little Rock school board’s plan to desegregate Central High School

• A Supreme Court case overturning Brown v. Board of Education

• A student walkout at Central High School

As governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus responded to desegregation efforts by

• inviting the Little Rock Nine into Central High School

• asking the President to speed up integration nationwide

• calling out the National Guard to block the Little Rock Nine from entering the school

• resigning in protest

What did President Eisenhower’s decision to send federal troops to Little Rock demonstrate?

• The President would tolerate defiance of federal law by state officials

• The federal government would not enforce school desegregation

• The President would not tolerate open defiance of the law, even by a state governor

• The National Guard controlled federal policy on integration

Which event sparked the Montgomery bus boycott?

• The Supreme Court ruling of 1957

• Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat and being arrested

• A speech by Martin Luther King Jr. at a church

• A citywide strike by bus drivers

According to the material, what did city law in Montgomery require on buses before the boycott?

• Whites had to give up seats to black passengers

• Black passengers had to give up their seats to white passengers

• Buses had to be desegregated during rush hour only

• Men had to give up seats to women