Unit 3 Vocabulary Flash Cards

Covalent Bond

• A bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

• A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

• A bond that occurs between two metals.

• A bond that involves the attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Denaturation

• The process by which an enzyme loses its shape (and function) due to changes in pH or temperature.

• The process of enzyme activation through substrate binding.

• The process of enzyme synthesis in the ribosome.

• The process of enzyme degradation by proteolytic enzymes.

Hydrogen Bond

• A strong attraction between two hydrogen atoms.

• A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom (often oxygen or nitrogen).

• A type of covalent bond between hydrogen and carbon.

• An ionic bond formed between hydrogen and chlorine.

Polysaccharide

• A small sugar molecule

• A large macromolecule formed from many monosaccharides (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose)

• A type of protein

• A simple lipid

Monosaccharide

• Single sugar molecule (e.g., glucose, fructose).

• A type of protein made of amino acids.

• A complex carbohydrate made of multiple sugar units.

• A lipid that stores energy in the body.

Lipid

• Macromolecule made mostly of carbon and hydrogen; includes fats, oils, and waxes; stores energy.

• A type of carbohydrate that provides immediate energy.

• A protein that helps in muscle building and repair.

• A nucleic acid that stores genetic information.

Nucleotide

• Subunit of proteins; made of amino acids.

• Subunit of nucleic acids; made of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base.

• Building block of lipids; composed of fatty acids and glycerol.

• Basic unit of carbohydrates; consists of sugar molecules.

Van der Waals Forces

• Strong attractions between molecules due to full charges.

• Weak attractions between molecules due to partial charges.

• Covalent bonds formed between atoms in a molecule.

• Ionic bonds between positively and negatively charged ions.

Ionic Bond

• A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

• A chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

• A type of bond that occurs only in metals.

• A bond that involves the attraction between molecules rather than atoms.

Monomer

• A large chemical structure made of many atoms.

• A small chemical unit that can join with others to form a polymer.

• A type of chemical reaction that breaks down polymers.

• A catalyst that speeds up polymerization processes.