Brain Injury and Concussion Worksheet

Diffuse axonal injuries (DAIs) of the brain often result in:

• Reduced levels of consciousness

• Mild but permanent dysfunction

• Fine motor tremors

• Visual disturbances

What event is most likely to occur to the brain in a classic cerebral concussion?

• Brief period of vital sign instability

• Cerebral edema throughout the cerebral cortex

• Cerebral edema throughout the diencephalon

• Disruption of axons extending from the diencephalon and brainstem

Which disorder has clinical manifestations that include decreased consciousness for up to 6 hours, as well as retrograde and posttraumatic amnesia?

• Mild concussion

• Classic concussion

• Cortical contusion

• Acute subdural hematoma

What group is most at risk of spinal cord injury from minor trauma?

The edema of the upper cervical cord after spinal cord injury is considered life threatening because of which possible outcome?

• Hypovolemic shock from blood lost during the injury

• Breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm

• Head injury that likely occurred during the injury

• Spinal shock immediately after the injury

What indicates that spinal shock is terminating?

• Voluntary movement below the level of injury

• Reflex emptying of the bladder

• Paresthesia below the level of injury

• Decreased deep tendon reflexes and flaccid paralysis

What term is used to describe the complication that can result from a spinal cord injury above T6 that is producing paroxysmal hypertension, as well as piloerection and sweating above the spinal cord lesion?

• Craniosacral dysreflexia

• Parasympathetic dysreflexia

• Autonomic hyperreflexia

Why does a person who has a spinal cord injury experience faulty control of sweating?

• The hypothalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to the sympathetic nervous system.

• The thalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to the sympathetic nervous system.

• The hypothalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to the parasympathetic nervous system.

• The thalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to spinal nerve roots.

Autonomic hyperreflexia-induced bradycardia is a result of stimulation of the:

• Sympathetic nervous system to ß-adrenergic receptors to the sinoatrial node

• Carotid sinus to the vagus nerve to the sinoatrial node

• Parasympathetic nervous system to the glossopharyngeal nerve to the atrioventricular node

• Bundle branches to the a-adrenergic receptors to the sinoatrial node

A herniation of which disk will likely result in motor and sensory changes of the lateral lower legs and soles of the feet?

• L2-L3

• L3-L5

• L5-S1

• S2-S3