Bio evolution Unit 7 Test

Name first and last

What is the correct explanation for what is happening in this graph?

• There are a lot of average-sized beaks
• There are no beaks
• There are a lot of small beaks only
• There are a lot of small and large beaks, but not average-sized ones

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Identify bird X using the dichotomous key.

• certhidea
• geospiza
• camarhynchus
• platyspiza

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What separates rodents and primates from crocodiles on this cladogram?

• Bony Skeleton
• Vertebrae
• Eggs with shells and hair
• Four Limbs

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While visiting the Galapagos Islands in 1835, Charles Darwin collected over thirteen different species of a type of bird called a finch. He later observed that the birds were similar in many ways but often differed in the size and shape of their beaks. Which statement BEST summarizes Darwin's explanation for the different beaks he observed in these finch species?

• The size and shape of the beaks differed because of the effects of artificial selection.
• The beaks of each finch species were the result of natural selection.
• The size and shape of the beaks differed because of different climates found on the islands.
• The beaks changed so they could not eat different foods

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Anatomical structures that appear to be derived from a functional structure in an ancestor, but that currently do not serve an important function, are called ________.

• inorganic
• mutated
• fossilized
• vestigial

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Naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck promoted the theory of "inheritance of acquired characteristics." This theory stated that changes developed over the course of the life of an organism would be transmitted to the next generation. A famous example involves a blacksmith. Working with heavy hammers, pounding iron all day, blacksmiths developed larger arms than average men. This trait, large and muscular arms, would then be passed down to the children of the blacksmith. Charles Darwin developed a competing theory based on variation and a process he called "natural selection." His theory stressed how the differences among the individuals in a population would lead to different rates of survival and reproduction. Through this process, in conjunction with what he called a "strong principle of inheritance," entire populations could adapt, and ultimately, evolve. DNA and its structure was not isolated and understood until the mid 1900s. It serves as _____.

• an example of how the blacksmiths arms grow as large as they do.
• the mechanism by which the "strong principle of inheritance" operates.
• the mechanism through which population evolution operates.
• the mechanism by which the "inheritance of acquired characteristics" operates.

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Which statement is true, with regard to the theory of evolution?

• The theory of evolution offers an explanation of how competition for resources may lead a species to change.
• DNA sequences and protein similarities are the only reliable way to determine that an organism evolved from another..
• The theory of evolution is proof that evolution occurs exactly as described and cannot be revised.
• Evolution of an entire species can often occur in a single individual organism

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Farmer Fran sprays her sugarcane field with a highly effective pesticide called 'Bayou Bug Blast'. For five years the pesticide works without a hitch, effectively killing almost all of the bayou weevils trying to eat Farmer Fran's crop. However, during the 6th year, some of the crop takes a hit. During the 7th year, she loses half of her crop, and during the 8th year, she loses almost the entire cane field to bayou weevils, despite using twice the usual dose of Bayou Bug Blast. What happened?

• The weaker weevils were killed, and Farmer Fran accidentally caused only pesticide-resistant weevils to survive.
• The sugarcane became used to the pesticide, rendering it ineffective.
• Bayou weevils overpopulated, because Bayou Bug Blast killed all of the predatory insects.
• A small population of weevils survived on other food sources and returned to the sugarcane field to feed.

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A species is a group of organisms capable of mating and producing offspring, and speciation is the process of forming a new species. One way a new species may form is by geographic isolation. This occurs when members of a population are physically separated, for example, by a river, or a desert. After the separation, the two populations, responding to different conditions, will adapt differently, and so their evolutionary paths will _____.

• converge
• dissect
• reverse
• diverge

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4