Passage 1: Need Those ZZZZs

Which change in the teen circadian rhythm most affects bedtime?

• Melatonin releases later in the evening

• Body temperature drops earlier at dusk

• Cortisol spikes right after sunrise

• Heart rate slows more during midday

A student wants to improve attention in morning classes. Which plan shows strong reasoning using sleep science?

• Limit screens before bed and keep a set routine

• Drink energy drinks to replace lost sleep

• Push bedtime later to match late classes

• Nap randomly during the day whenever tired

Part A: What is the structure of paragraphs 1–8 in a passage about teen sleep?

• cause and effect

• problem and solution

• chronological order

• claim and counterclaim

In a section titled “Hello, Night Owl!” which factor affecting teen sleep is NOT related to their choices or behaviors?

• studying late

• drinking caffeine

• working part-time

• releasing melatonin

What is the purpose of comparing teens’ time shift to jet lag in an explanatory paragraph?

• to explain how flying feels the next day

• to contrast two events teens will understand

• to warn about air travel affecting sleep patterns

• to give a real-world example of how sleep issues feel

The purpose of the direct address in paragraph 22 of Passage 1 is to encourage readers to —

• sign up for sleep experiments

• take charge of their own decisions

• do better in their school-related activities

• adjust their habits so they get enough sleep

Read the opening sentences of Passage 2. "There’s a movement to make sure kids aren’t sleepless in Seattle. With homework, extracurriculars, kids aren’t getting enough sleep. Seattle’s solution? Start school later. (00:00–00:08)" Which statement best describes how the speaker introduces the topic?

• He recommends that listeners join Seattle’s movement to help kids get more sleep.

• He identifies extracurricular activities as the main reason kids in Seattle need more sleep.

• He suggests that kids in Seattle face unique challenges when it comes to getting enough sleep.

• He presents kids not getting enough sleep as a problem that Seattle’s government is trying to solve.

Read the excerpt from Passage 2. "Seattle schools pushed back the opening bell for all high schools and most middle schools by about an hour, from 7:50 in the morning to 8:45. Researchers at the University of Washington wanted to know if that resulted in more sleep. The answer? Yes—34 more minutes. (00:10–00:26)" Why does the reporter most likely include the underlined rhetorical question in her report?

• to express her surprise at the researchers’ conclusions

• to draw listeners’ attention to the results of the experiment

• to get teens interested in pursuing careers in the field of sleep science

• to suggest that more research is needed to know if the experiment worked

Part A: Read the excerpt from Passage 2. "Thirty-four minutes may not sound like a lot to the average person, but for those of us who study in this field, this is a huge impact, beneficial impact for the students. (00:28–00:37)" Which claim is the speaker making in this excerpt?

• Every teenager should try to sleep for an additional thirty-four minutes per night.

• People who study sleep science know more about sleep than the average person.

• Getting a little bit more sleep has significant positive effects for teenage students.

• Thirty-four minutes is the ideal amount of additional sleep for the average person.

Part B: Which sentence best supports the speaker’s claim from Part A?

• That can be the difference between an A or a B, between passing a class and not passing a class.

• Students wore Fitbit-type wrist devices which measured light and activity levels so researchers knew when students were awake or asleep.

• They compared students in a 10th-grade biology class when school started early to students in that same biology class when school started later.

• Fewer students were absent from class. Fewer were late. And overall, grades increased by 4.5 percent.