Cell Division and Cancer Review

What term describes the hollow ball of cells formed after multiple rounds of mitosis in early development?

• Blastocyst with fluid-filled cavity

• Zygote with paired chromosomes

• Foetus with developed organs

• Gamete with half the DNA

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During differentiation, cells become specialized. Which example best illustrates specialization?

• Cells dividing to make identical copies

• Cells changing to become muscle tissue

• Cells losing their nuclei and dying

• Cells fusing to form a larger cell

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A student claims growth from one cell to a foetus occurs because cells get bigger only. What is the best rebuttal?

• Growth relies on meiosis decreasing DNA content

• Growth relies on mitosis increasing cell number

• Growth relies on apoptosis creating new tissues

• Growth relies on fertilization repeating many times

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An embryo at the blastocyst stage begins differentiation. What outcome results from this process?

• Cells remain identical in function

• Cells specialize into tissue types

• Cells revert back to gametes

• Cells stop dividing permanently

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Ultrasound images show a developing foetus weeks after fertilization. Which mechanism connected earlier stages to this point?

• Successive mitotic divisions and specialization

• Single meiotic division and stasis

• Immediate organ formation without division

• Random cell fusion and enlargement

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Which statement best defines cell differentiation?

• Process where stem cells become specialized types

• Process where cells divide without any change

• Process where tissues merge into single organs

• Process where organisms grow without new cells

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During early development, many cells are best described as

• Undifferentiated stem cells with general potential

• Fully specialized muscle cells only

• Partially formed organs with functions

• Independent organisms with organ systems

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Which option correctly shows the levels of organization from cell to organism?

• Specialized cell → tissue → organ → system → organism

• Tissue → specialized cell → system → organ → organism

• Organ → tissue → specialized cell → system → organism

• System → organ → tissue → specialized cell → organism

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A stem cell becomes a nerve cell. What has changed most directly?

• Gene expression patterns within the cell

• The DNA nucleotide sequence of genes

• The number of chromosomes per cell

• The age of the entire organism

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A diagram shows a stem cell with arrows to muscle, fat, blood, and nerve cells. What is the main idea illustrated?

• One cell type can specialize into multiple lineages

• All specialized cells can revert permanently to embryos

• Each specialized cell contains different DNA sequences

• Organs are formed directly from single blood cells

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