Discourse Analysis, Ideology and Identity

Which institution often enforces standard language ideologies and may contribute to the loss of Indigenous languages?

• Hospitals

• Sports clubs

• Schools

• Museums

The claim that “a nation needs one standard national language” is used to justify:

• Simplifying translation technology

• Standardization and suppression of minority languages

• Teaching more foreign languages

• Increasing dialect diversity

What is racialization?

• Categorizing people based on biological facts

• A scientific classification of races

• A process of constructing groups as different through natural or cultural traits

• A method for teaching cultural history

Which discourse-analytic approach focuses on how racist ideas are stored in mental models and shared beliefs?

• Socio-Cognitive Approach (van Dijk)

• Discursive Psychology

• Discourse-Historical Approach

• Structuralism

Racist discourse often works by:

• Using generalizations and stereotypes

• Teaching people about cultural diversity

• Comparing grammar rules between groups

• Promoting linguistic creativity

Globalization increases code-switching because:

• It eliminates all local languages

• It reduces exposure to other cultures

• It forces everyone to speak one global language

• It increases language contact and mobility

Situational code-switching occurs when:

• A person forgets words in their first language

• Two languages merge into one

• A speaker makes a grammatical mistake

• A speaker changes language to signal a shift in context

Metaphorical code-switching is used when:

• A speaker tries to avoid being understood

• Switching to express multiple social meanings within the same context
  

• Languages are accidentally mixed due to fatigue

• Switching languages because someone enters the room

What are language ideologies?

• The study of grammar rules

• The history of languages

• Beliefs about how language works and how it should work

• Slang used by specific communities

What discursive strategy is used in the comment "LOL why does it feel like every Muslim I know is hiding something… 👀"

• Formal argumentation

• Neutral description

• Humor and exaggeration

• Scientific explanation