Chromosome Structure, Composition & Location

Label the following terms: Cell, DNA, Chromosome, Nucleus, Gene

a

b

c

d

e

Gene

DNA

Chromosome

Nucleus

Cell

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

What are the two types of genetic material?

• Proteins and Carbohydrates
• DNA and RNA

Unlike DNA, RNA _____.

1. 
   

• is double-stranded
• is single-stranded

What are the four bases in DNA called?

• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
• Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine

DNA is a double helix, which is wrapped around proteins called _____.

• histones
• ribosomes

In eukaryotic cells (plant and animal), where is DNA stored?

• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus

Genetic material is the hereditary material of the cell. It holds the ​ (a)   needed for all cell structure and function. There are two main types of genetic material: ​ (b)   and RNA. In eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, the DNA is stored in the ​ (c)   wrapped round proteins called histones. In prokaryotic cells, the DNA exists in the ​ (d)   .

• DNA
• nucleus
• cytoplasm
• information

DNA is a double helix made of two strands of (a)   twisted together. Each nucleotide consists of a (b)   , a (c)   and a (d)   . In DNA there are four bases: (e)   (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). RNA is also made of nucleotides but the sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose, RNA is single stranded, and different bases are used including, adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and uracil(U).

• nucleotides
• sugar
• phosphate
• base
• adenine

During cell division, chromatin is condensed to form discrete bodies called (a)   . Each chromosome is copied, and the two identical copies are called (b)   . They are joined together at a central point called the (c)   . A chromosome has a long arm ( (d)   ) and a short arm ( (e)   ).

• chromosomes
• sister chromatids
• centromere
• q arm
• p arm

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Histones, which are (a)   that help package the DNA, play a central role in that process. As the chromosomal DNA is wrapped around those histones, the DNA is organized into something that is called (b)   . Each subunit of chromatin, which is the little ball of DNA wrapped around the histone proteins, is referred to as a (c)   .

• proteins
• chromatin
• nucleosome