3.2 Musculoskeletal System

Your ​ (a)   system is made up of your ​skeletal and​ muscular systems.

• nervous
• digestive
•  integumentary
• respiratory
• musculoskeletal

Name at least three functions of the human skeleton. Explain each function in your own words.

Identify the parts of the skeleton.

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

Foot

Arm

Skull

Thoracic / Rib Cage

Leg

Vertebral Column

Hand

Pelvic Girdle

Shoulder Girdle

Sort each body part into the correct group:

Groups:

(a) Axial Skeleton

,

(b) Appendicular Skeleton

• Foot

• Arm

• Shoulder girdle

• Leg

• • Skull

• Rib cage

• Hand

• Pelvic girdle

• Vertebral column

Identify the parts of the bone structure.

a

b

c

d

e

Periosteum

Ligament

Bone marrow

Cartilage

Bone

Match each type of joint to its correct description.

• Freely movable joints (synovial joints)

• Joints that allow a wide range of movement, cushioned by cartilage and supported by ligaments; includes gliding, pivot, ball-and-socket, and saddle joints.

• Slightly movable joints

• Joints that are firmly attached and do not allow movement; found in places like the sutures of the skull.

• Immovable joints (fixed joints)

• Joints that allow limited movement due to cartilage between bones; found in areas like the spine.

Match each type of movable joint with its correct joint type.

• gliding joints

• 
• ball and socket joint

• 
• saddle joint

• 
• hinge joint

• 
• pivot joints

• 

Sort each body part into the correct type of movable joint.

Groups:

(a) Pivot Joints / Saddle Joints

,

(b) Gliding Joints

,

(c) Ball-and-Socket Joints

,

(d) Hinge Joints

• Hip

• Thumb

• Ankle

• Neck

• Fingers

• Wrist

• Toes

• Knee

• Shoulder

Compare the spine of a person with scoliosis and the spine of a person without scoliosis. How are they different, and how does scoliosis happen?

As you age, your bones start to lose ​ (a)   . The mineral loss can lead to osteoporosis, a condition in which bones weaken and break easily.
Bones develop big spaces, reducing their ​ (b)   and strength.

• minerals
• density
• flexibility
• fat
•  mass
• muscle
• blood
• elasticity