Encoding Failure

What is encoding failure?

• When information is stored in long-term memory

• When information does not get stored in long-term memory in the first place

• When information is forgotten after being stored

• When information is rehearsed repeatedly

Which of the following is NOT a reason for encoding failure?

• Lack of Attention

• Shallow Processing

• Insufficient Rehearsal

• Distributed Practice

What is retrieval failure?

• When information stored in long-term memory cannot be accessed due to insufficient or missing retrieval cues.

• When information is lost from memory forever.

• When information is never encoded into memory.

• When information is always easily recalled.

Retrieval failure is commonly referred to as the "______" phenomenon.

• tip-of-the-tongue

• flashbulb

• primacy

• recency

What is interference in memory?

• Interference occurs when information in our memory competes, making it difficult to recall certain details.

• Interference is the process of storing new memories without forgetting old ones.

• Interference is when memories are permanently erased from the brain.

• Interference is the ability to remember every detail with perfect accuracy.

Name the two types of interference mentioned in the passage.

• Proactive and retroactive.

• Constructive and destructive.

• Direct and indirect.

• Positive and negative.

What is proactive interference?

• When newer memories hinder the recall of older information

• When older memories hinder the recall of newer information

• When you forget both old and new information

• When you remember everything perfectly

What is retroactive interference? Retroactive interference occurs when ______ interferes with the recall of older memories.

• new information

• old information

• irrelevant details

• emotional responses

Which of the following is an example of retroactive interference?

• Forgetting a new password because you remember the old one

• Learning a new password for an account makes it harder to remember the old password.

• Remembering both old and new passwords easily

• Never forgetting any passwords

Who developed the Forgetting Curve?

• Hermann Ebbinghaus

• Ivan Pavlov

• Sigmund Freud

• B.F. Skinner