Kinetic Particle Theory and Heat Transfer (States of Matter)

Which statement describes a property shared by particles in solids, liquids, and gases?

• They are in constant motion.

• They have identical energy in all states.

• They are arranged in rigid crystal lattices.

• They cannot be compressed at all.

Which description correctly compares the shape and volume of the three basic states of matter?

• Solid: definite shape and volume; Liquid: definite volume, no definite shape; Gas: no definite shape or volume.

• Solid: no definite shape or volume; Liquid: definite shape and volume; Gas: definite volume, no definite shape.

• Solid: no definite volume but definite shape; Liquid: no definite shape or volume; Gas: definite volume and shape.

• Solid: definite shape only; Liquid: definite volume only; Gas: definite shape only.

When the temperature of most materials increases, what typically happens to the particles due to thermal energy?

• They expand because particle motion increases.

• They contract because particle motion decreases.

• Their mass increases while volume stays the same.

• Their density always increases.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Which choice best defines temperature and identifies common scales used to measure it?

• Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of particles; common scales include Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit.

• Temperature is the total heat contained in a substance; common scales include joule and calorie.

• Temperature is the potential energy stored in bonds; common scales include watt and ampere.

• Temperature is the rate of heat transfer; common scales include meter and second.

Which statement accurately compares endothermic and exothermic reactions?

• Endothermic reactions absorb energy from surroundings; exothermic reactions release energy to surroundings.

• Endothermic reactions release energy to surroundings; exothermic reactions absorb energy from surroundings.

• Both endothermic and exothermic reactions absorb energy.

• Both endothermic and exothermic reactions release energy.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

Select all changes of state that are endothermic (energy absorbed).

• Melting

• Freezing

• Evaporation or boiling

• Condensation

• Sublimation

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

In a typical change-of-state (heating) graph, what do the flat segments indicate?

• The substance is changing state while temperature remains constant.

• The substance is cooling rapidly due to heat loss.

• Temperature and state both change continuously at the same time.

• The mass of the substance is increasing.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Which statement correctly compares heat and thermal energy?

• Heat is energy in transit due to temperature difference; thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

• Heat is the total energy stored in chemical bonds; thermal energy is energy that cannot move.

• Heat and thermal energy are identical and always measured in degrees.

• Heat is measured in kelvins; thermal energy is measured in meters.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

How does heat move until thermal equilibrium is reached?

• From warmer areas to cooler areas until all parts reach the same temperature.

• From cooler areas to warmer areas until the warm area gets hotter.

• Only through solids and never in liquids or gases.

• Randomly without regard to temperature differences.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which set correctly matches the methods of heat transfer with their descriptions?

• Conduction—direct contact; Convection—movement of fluids; Radiation—electromagnetic waves.

• Conduction—movement of fluids; Convection—electromagnetic waves; Radiation—direct contact.

• Conduction—electromagnetic waves; Convection—direct contact; Radiation—movement of fluids.

• Conduction—chemical reaction; Convection—electric current; Radiation—sound waves.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3