U7 Renaissance & Reformation Review

During the Renaissance, which invention most directly advanced the study of astronomy?

• Printing press for spreading written ideas

• Gunpowder for improved warfare technology

• Eyeglasses for clearer reading vision

• Telescope for observing celestial bodies

Read the excerpt from Niccolò Machiavelli’s The Prince: “It is desirable to be both loved and feared; but if one has to be lacking, it is much safer to be feared than loved… But fear is sustained by dread of punishment that is always effective.” Which statement best captures the theme of this excerpt?

• People should obey the rules of society

• A ruler should focus only on power and success

• Power rests mainly on gratitude from subjects

• Fear is more reliable for rulers than love

How does Renaissance art show cultural values?

• Realistic human figures centered, blending religious and humanist ideals

• Balance and harmony chiefly to emulate Ancient Greek classicism

• Emphasis on technology and skill, echoing Industrial Revolution values

• Focus on humility and asceticism, mirroring Medieval priorities

In debates on leadership, why did Machiavelli argue that being feared can be more reliable than being loved?

• Love prevents any political opposition

• Love creates stronger military alliances

• Fear lasts longer than affection in crises

• Fear encourages artistic achievements

• The Catholic Church:

• Punished people who questioned the teachings of the Catholic Church

• Published a list of books that were banned

• Arrested and punished any Catholic who possessed or helped to distribute books that were banned

• Which conclusion is best supported about the Catholic Inquisition?

• It promoted open debate on church doctrines

• It restricted information through censorship

• It expanded religious tolerance for dissent

• It encouraged the sale of banned books

Which development was a major intellectual shift during the Renaissance?

• Greater focus on industry and manufacturing

• Greater focus on religion and migration

• Greater focus on revolution and change

• Greater focus on nature and humanism

According to Martin Luther’s criticism of indulgences, what action did he view as a better deed?

• Buying indulgence letters for salvation

• Maintaining equality through indulgences

• Practicing strict personal morality

• Giving to the poor or lending to the needy

How did the Catholic Church respond to the religious changes brought by the Reformation?

• It issued an English Bible translation

• It replaced the Pope with a new leader

• It launched a Counter-Reformation

• It allowed Catholic priests to marry

Which leader broke with the Church of Rome after being denied a dispensation for divorce?

• Henry VIII of England

• Martin Luther of Wittenberg

• John Calvin of Geneva

• Huldrych Zwingli of Zurich

Identify whether each statement best describes the Renaissance or the Reformation.

Groups:

(a) Renaissance

,

(b) Reformation

• This movement was a period of great economic and social change.

• The beginnings of this movement occurred in Germany.

• The beginnings of this movement occurred in Italy.

• This movement led to costly wars and persecutions.

• This movement was a revival of classical learning and wisdom.