Unit 4: Learning Study Guide

What is the Unconditioned Stimulus in Pavlov’s experiment?

• something that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any prior learning, like food causing salivation or a loud noise causing a startle

• a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

• a signal that predicts the arrival of another stimulus

• a behavior that is voluntarily performed to receive a reward

What is the Unconditioned Response in Pavlov’s experiment?

• salivation

• ringing bell

• food

• jumping

What type of conditioning was Watson’s Little Albert experiment?

• Classical conditioning - an emotional fear response (crying) could be learned by associating a neutral stimulus (object) with an unconditioned stimulus (loud noise).

• Operant conditioning - behavior is shaped by rewards and punishments.

• Observational learning - learning occurs by watching others.

• Cognitive conditioning - learning involves mental processes and understanding.

What is the Conditioned Stimulus in Pavlov’s experiment?

• In Pavlov's experiment, the conditioned stimulus (the bell) is presented with food and eventually causes dogs to salivate (conditioned response).

• In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus (the food) is presented with the bell and causes dogs to salivate naturally.

• In Pavlov's experiment, the neutral stimulus (the light) is presented with food and eventually causes dogs to bark.

• In Pavlov's experiment, the conditioned response (salivation) is presented with the bell and eventually causes dogs to eat.

What is the Conditioned Response in Pavlov’s experiment?

• Conditioned response is a dog's salivation in response to the sound of the bell alone, after the bell (neutral stimulus) was repeated paired with food (unconditioned stimulus).

• Conditioned response is a dog's barking when it sees the food.

• Conditioned response is a dog's wagging tail when the bell rings for the first time.

• Conditioned response is a dog's jumping when the bell is paired with a light.

What is the Neutral Stimulus in Pavlov’s experiment?

• The neutral stimulus in Pavlov’s experiment is the bell ringing.

• The neutral stimulus in Pavlov’s experiment is the food.

• The neutral stimulus in Pavlov’s experiment is the salivation.

• The neutral stimulus in Pavlov’s experiment is the dog.

What type of conditioning was Pavlov’s Experiment?

• Classical conditioning, learning where an organism associates a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus alone triggers a conditioned response.

• Operant conditioning, learning where behavior is controlled by consequences such as rewards and punishments.

• Observational learning, learning by watching and imitating others.

• Latent learning, learning that occurs without any obvious reinforcement or association.

What is Positive Reinforcement? ________

• Adding a pleasant stimulus after a behavior occurs to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior.

• Removing an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior.

• Punishing a behavior to reduce its occurrence.

• Ignoring a behavior to make it disappear.

When is punishment most effective in stopping bad behavior?

• Punishment is most effective at stopping bad behavior.

• Punishment is most effective at encouraging good behavior.

• Punishment is most effective when ignored.

• Punishment is most effective when rewarded.

What is Negative Reinforcement? ________

• Where a behavior increases because it removes or avoids unpleasant stimuli.

• Where a behavior decreases due to punishment.

• Where a behavior increases due to a reward being given.

• Where a behavior is ignored and eventually stops.