Define the vocabulary word: Gene pool.

Gene pool is the combined genetic information of all members of a population.

Gene pool is the physical location where genes are stored in a cell.

Gene pool is the study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next.

Define the vocabulary word: Population.

Population is a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area.

Population is the process by which plants make their own food.

Population is a type of weather pattern.

Population is a tool used for measuring temperature.

Define the vocabulary word: Stabilizing selection.

Stabilizing selection is a type of natural selection that favors average individuals in a population.

Stabilizing selection is a type of natural selection that favors extreme traits in a population.

Stabilizing selection is a process where genetic diversity increases and the population evolves toward two or more different traits.

Stabilizing selection is a type of artificial selection performed by humans to create new breeds.

Define the vocabulary word: Directional selection.

Directional selection is a type of natural selection that favors one extreme phenotype over others.

Directional selection is a type of natural selection that favors the average phenotype.

Directional selection is a type of natural selection that eliminates all phenotypes.

Directional selection is a type of natural selection that favors both extreme phenotypes equally.

Define the vocabulary word: Genetic drift.

Genetic drift is a random change in allele frequencies in a population.

Genetic drift is the transfer of genetic material from one species to another through hybridization.

Genetic drift is the increase in genetic variation due to mutations.

Define the vocabulary word: Geographic isolation.

Geographic isolation is when populations are separated by physical barriers, leading to speciation.

Geographic isolation is when populations share the same habitat and interbreed freely.

Geographic isolation is when populations are separated by differences in diet.

Geographic isolation is when populations are separated by differences in mating calls.

Define the vocabulary word: Behavioral isolation.

Behavioral isolation is when populations have differences in mating behaviors that prevent them from interbreeding.

Behavioral isolation is when populations are separated by physical barriers such as mountains or rivers.

Behavioral isolation is when populations breed at different times of the year.

Behavioral isolation is when populations cannot interbreed due to incompatible reproductive organs.

Define the vocabulary word: Polygenic trait.

Polygenic trait is a trait controlled by two or more genes.

Polygenic trait is a trait controlled by a single gene only.

Polygenic trait is a trait that is not inherited.

Polygenic trait is a trait determined by environmental factors only.

Define the vocabulary word: Single-gene trait.

Single-gene trait is a trait controlled by only one gene.

Single-gene trait is a trait controlled by multiple genes.

Single-gene trait is a trait influenced by environmental factors only.

Single-gene trait is a trait that cannot be inherited.

Define the vocabulary word: Galapagos Islands.

Galapagos Islands are the islands where Darwin made important observations that contributed to his theory of evolution.

Galapagos Islands are a group of islands in the Arctic Ocean known for polar bears.

Galapagos Islands are a chain of volcanic islands in the Mediterranean Sea famous for ancient ruins.

Galapagos Islands are a set of islands in the Pacific Ocean known for their large human population.

Define the vocabulary word: Adaptation.

Adaptation is a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.

Adaptation is the process of photosynthesis in plants.

Adaptation is the migration of animals during winter.

Adaptation is the breaking down of food in the stomach.

Define the vocabulary word: Fossil record.

Fossil record is the collection of fossils that provides evidence for evolution.

Fossil record is a type of rock formed from lava.

Fossil record is a list of living animals in a region.

Fossil record is a method of measuring earthquakes.

Define the vocabulary word: Natural selection.

Natural selection is the process by which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more successfully.

Natural selection is the process by which all organisms live forever without changing.

Natural selection is when organisms choose their own traits.

Natural selection is the process by which the environment changes to suit the needs of organisms.

Define the vocabulary word: Charles Lyell.

Charles Lyell was a geologist whose ideas about gradual geological processes influenced Darwin.

Charles Lyell was a famous mathematician known for his work on calculus.

Charles Lyell was a renowned physicist who developed the theory of relativity.

Charles Lyell was an explorer who mapped the Amazon rainforest.

Define the vocabulary word: Thomas Malthus.

Thomas Malthus was an economist who proposed that populations grow faster than resources, influencing Darwin's theory.

Thomas Malthus was a famous 20th-century physicist known for his work on relativity.

Thomas Malthus was a medieval artist who painted scenes of daily life in Europe.

Thomas Malthus was a Roman emperor who expanded the empire into Asia.

Define the vocabulary word: Vestigial structure.

Vestigial structure is a structure that has lost its original function through evolution.

Vestigial structure is a structure that is always necessary for survival.

Vestigial structure is a structure that is newly evolved and highly functional.

Vestigial structure is a structure that helps in photosynthesis.

Define the vocabulary word: Allele frequency.

Allele frequency is the proportion of a specific allele in a population's gene pool.

Allele frequency is the number of chromosomes in a cell.

Allele frequency is the process by which organisms adapt to their environment.

Allele frequency is the total number of genes in an individual organism.

Define the vocabulary word: Hardy-Weinberg Principle.

Hardy-Weinberg Principle is the concept that allele frequencies in a population remain constant unless factors cause them to change.

Hardy-Weinberg Principle states that all populations evolve at a constant rate.

Hardy-Weinberg Principle is the process by which new species are formed through natural selection.

Hardy-Weinberg Principle describes the inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Define the vocabulary word: Disruptive selection.

Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that favors extreme phenotypes over average ones.

Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that favors only the average phenotype.

Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that eliminates all phenotypes equally.

Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that favors only one extreme phenotype.

Define the vocabulary word: Genetic equilibrium.

Genetic equilibrium is the condition where allele frequencies in a population do not change over time.

Genetic equilibrium is the process by which new species are formed through mutation.

Genetic equilibrium refers to the random movement of genes between different populations.

Genetic equilibrium is the rapid change in allele frequencies due to environmental pressures.

Define the vocabulary word: Founder effect.

Founder effect is a change in allele frequencies due to the migration of a small subgroup of a population.

Founder effect is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce.

Founder effect is the random change in allele frequency due to chance events in a large population.

Founder effect is the transfer of genetic material from one population to another through interbreeding.

Define the vocabulary word: Reproductive isolation.

Reproductive isolation is when populations cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Reproductive isolation is when populations share the same habitat and freely interbreed.

Reproductive isolation is when populations migrate to new environments together.

Reproductive isolation is when populations increase their genetic diversity by interbreeding with other species.

Define the vocabulary word: Temporal isolation.

Temporal isolation is when populations reproduce at different times, preventing interbreeding.

Temporal isolation is when populations are separated by physical barriers such as mountains or rivers.

Temporal isolation is when populations have different mating calls or behaviors.

Temporal isolation is when populations live in completely different habitats.

Define the vocabulary word: Common ancestry.

Common ancestry is the concept that different species share a common ancestor.

Common ancestry is the classification of organisms based on physical similarities only.

Common ancestry is the idea that all living things are unrelated and evolved separately.

Define the vocabulary word: Mutation.

Mutation is a change in DNA that can lead to variation in a population.

Mutation is a process by which organisms learn new behaviors.

Mutation is a type of cell division that produces energy.

Mutation is the process of photosynthesis in plants.

Describe Darwin’s journey to the Galapagos Islands. What did Darwin observe about the species on the Galapagos Islands? Be sure to include information about the finches he saw.

Birds’ different shaped beaks driven by available food. He thought this meant they had common ancestry.

All the animals on the islands were exactly the same as those on the mainland.

Darwin observed that the finches could not survive on the islands due to lack of food.

He noticed that the climate was the only factor affecting the animals, not their physical traits.

Describe Darwin’s journey to the Galapagos Islands. What did he do after his journey?

He wrote about his ideas but waited many years to publish them.

He immediately published his findings upon returning.

He abandoned his research and became a farmer.

He joined another expedition to South America.

Describe Darwin’s theory of evolution. What does the theory of evolution explain?

How species change over time, become extinct, and how evolution takes place in the natural world. This occurs due to heritable variation and natural selection.

How the universe was formed and the origin of planets and stars.

How chemical reactions occur in living organisms to produce energy.

How weather patterns change and affect the environment.

Describe Darwin’s theory of evolution. According to his theory, which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce?

The ones in possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.

The ones that are the largest in size.

The ones that live the longest, regardless of adaptation.

The ones that are most aggressive.

Natural selection states that in natural selection, which mutations or new alleles are most likely to get passed on to the offspring?

Those that provide a survival or reproductive advantage

Those that are harmful to the organism

Those that occur randomly, regardless of effect

Those that decrease the organism's fitness

Which five factors must be met for a population to remain at genetic equilibrium according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

No mutations, random mating, no natural selection, extremely large population size, no gene flow

High mutation rate, non-random mating, strong natural selection, small population size, frequent gene flow

Constant environmental change, selective breeding, migration, genetic drift, mutation

Random mutations, selective mating, environmental stability, small population, gene flow

What are the main sources of genetic variation?

Natural selection and adaptation

Environmental changes and migration

Unit 4 Study Guide: Evolution

Authored by Eric Hultgren

Science

9th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 2+ times

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Define the vocabulary word: Charles Darwin.

Charles Darwin was a naturalist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Charles Darwin was a famous mathematician known for inventing calculus.

Charles Darwin was a renowned physicist who discovered gravity.

Charles Darwin was a celebrated artist from the Renaissance period.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Define the vocabulary word: On the Origin of Species.

On the Origin of Species is the book written by Charles Darwin that introduced the theory of evolution by natural selection.

On the Origin of Species is a novel about the life of Charles Darwin.

On the Origin of Species is a scientific journal about plant biology.

On the Origin of Species is a collection of poems about nature.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Define the vocabulary word: Fitness.

Fitness is the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Fitness is the process of an organism adapting to a new diet.

Fitness is the amount of energy an organism uses during exercise.

Fitness is the ability of an organism to change its color.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Define the vocabulary word: Evolution.

Evolution is the process by which species change over time through variation and natural selection.

Evolution is the process by which rocks are formed from magma.

Evolution is the process of water turning into vapor.

Evolution is the process by which plants make their own food using sunlight.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Define the vocabulary word: James Hutton.

James Hutton was a geologist who proposed that Earth's processes are slow and gradual, influencing Darwin's thinking about evolution.

James Hutton was a famous mathematician who developed the theory of relativity.

James Hutton was an explorer who discovered the South Pole.

James Hutton was a biologist who invented the microscope.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Define the vocabulary word: Jean Baptiste Lamarck.

Jean Baptiste Lamarck was a scientist who proposed that organisms could acquire traits during their lifetime and pass them to their offspring.

Jean Baptiste Lamarck was a famous French painter known for his landscapes.

Jean Baptiste Lamarck was a mathematician who developed the theory of relativity.

Jean Baptiste Lamarck was an explorer who discovered the Galapagos Islands.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Define the vocabulary word: Artificial selection.

Artificial selection is the process by which humans breed organisms for desired traits.

Artificial selection is the process by which organisms adapt to their environment naturally.

Artificial selection is the random change in the DNA of an organism.

Artificial selection is the process by which plants make their own food using sunlight.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-5

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