ORG 603 Standard ACT English

Passage: Scientists have long studied the migratory patterns of monarch butterflies. Their journeys can span thousands of miles, carrying them from Canada to Mexico each year. ________, the butterflies rely on environmental cues such as temperature and daylight to determine when to begin their migration. Question: Which transition best establishes the relationship between the ideas in this passage?

• No transition needed

• Consequently,

• For example,

• On the other hand,

Passage: Many cities have recently invested in expanding bike lanes and pedestrian-friendly streets. These changes encourage residents to rely less on cars for short trips and to walk their local streets instead. ________, local businesses often benefit from increased foot traffic. Question: Which transition most effectively connects the ideas in the passage?

• However,

• In contrast,

• As a result,

• Meanwhile,

Passage: Digital photography allows photographers to review and edit their work almost instantly. Traditional film photography requires developing the images before they can be evaluated. ________, many photographers still prefer film for its distinctive aesthetic qualities. Question: Which transition best clarifies the relationship between the sentences?

• Likewise,

• Nevertheless,

• For instance,

• Therefore,

Passage: (1) Community gardens have become increasingly popular in urban neighborhoods. (2) Residents often work together to plant vegetables, herbs, and flowers in shared spaces. (3) The gardens also serve as gathering places where neighbors can build relationships. (4) Fresh produce grown in these gardens can help reduce grocery expenses for participating families. Sentence to insert: In many cities, vacant lots that once collected trash are now being transformed into productive green spaces. Question: Where should the new sentence be placed?

• After sentence 1

• After sentence 2

• After sentence 3

• After sentence 4

Passage: (1) Many teachers encourage students to keep reading journals. (2) Writing regularly about books helps students reflect on themes and characters. (3) Journals also allow teachers to assess how well students understand what they read. (4) As a result, journals can be a valuable instructional tool in literature classes. Sentence to insert: In these journals, students record their reactions, questions, and interpretations while reading. Question: Where would the sentence best fit?

• After sentence 1

• After sentence 2

• After sentence 3

• After sentence 4

Passage: (1) Public libraries today offer far more than shelves of books. (2) Many provide free internet access and computer training workshops. (3) Libraries also host community events such as lectures, book clubs, and art exhibits. (4) These programs help libraries remain vital community centers. Sentence to insert: In fact, modern libraries have become hubs for learning, technology, and civic engagement. Question: Where should this sentence be placed?

• After sentence 1

• After sentence 2

• After sentence 3

• After sentence 4

Passage: The invention of the printing press dramatically changed how information spread across Europe. Books that once took months to copy by hand could suddenly be produced quickly and cheaply. Scholars, merchants, and ordinary citizens gained access to ideas that had previously been limited to a small elite. ________ Question: Which sentence best concludes the paragraph while echoing its main idea?

• Printing presses were large machines that required skilled operators to run them.

• Many early printed books were written in Latin.

• As a result, the printing press helped transform knowledge from a rare resource into a widely shared one.

• Some historians debate the exact year the printing press was invented.

Passage: ________ Over the past decade, cities around the world have introduced bike-sharing programs that allow residents to rent bicycles for short trips. These programs reduce traffic congestion and offer an environmentally friendly transportation option. Question: Which sentence best introduces the paragraph?

• Many tourists enjoy exploring cities on foot.

• Transportation systems shape how people move through urban spaces.

• Some bicycles are designed specifically for racing competitions.

• Traffic laws vary widely from city to city.

Passage: Researchers continue to study the long-term effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance. Studies show that people who consistently sleep fewer than six hours per night struggle with concentration and memory. _______ However, many adults still sacrifice sleep to keep up with demanding schedules. Which sentence best completes the paragraph?

• Many people drink coffee in the morning to feel more alert.

• Sleep patterns often change during adolescence.

• Alarm clocks were first invented in the nineteenth century.

• These findings highlight the importance of getting sufficient rest each night.

Passage: Urban planners increasingly emphasize the importance of green spaces in cities. Parks and tree-lined streets improve air quality and provide places for residents to relax outdoors. ________, research shows that access to green spaces can also improve mental health. Which transition best connects the ideas?

• In addition,

• However,

• For instance,

• Instead,